Being Neighborly

Std. XI - Prose - 1.1 Being Neighborly 

Brief story     

                         

It’s a snowy day, and Jo decided to go out and dig paths in the snow. The Marches’ house – a small, brown, shabby dwelling which lost its summer greenery. It was separated by a low hedge from Mr. Laurence’s large stone mansion. 

She saw Laurie sitting near one of the windows on the second floor. Jo felt sorry for the poor lonely boy. She threw a snowball at the window, grabbing Laurie’s attention. Laurie admitted that he had been sick with a cold, and he invited Jo to come over. Jo arrived soon after with an armful of offerings for Laurie: a plate of blanc- mange (a kind of custard) from Meg and kittens from Beth. 

Jo straightened up Laurie’s quarters, and offered to read out loud to Laurie. Laurie begged her to talk to him, and Jo told him about her family. Laurie revealed that he sometimes spied on the March family, but Jo saw that he only did it because he was orphaned (his parents died when he was young, so he was now with his grandfather) and felt lonesome. Laurie stepped out momentarily to see his doctor, and while he had gone Mr. Laurence, Laurie’s Grandpa came in and surprised Jo. Jo told him that she felt Laurie needed to spend more time around kids of his own age. 

Mr. Laurence invited Jo to tea. As he saw Jo and Laurie chatter, Mr. Laurence realized that there might be some truth to what Jo had told him. Jo revealed that Laurie said he’d been grateful for the “medicine” 

Mrs. March had sent over, and Meg remarked that Laurie was paying Jo a compliment. Jo is flustered, and chides Meg for being sentimental when all she wanted to do was befriend Laurie. Mrs. March gave Jo permission to invite Laurie over to their house.

Characters:-

1) Josephine March:- The protagonist of the novel and second oldest March sister. Jo, who wants to be a writer, is based on Louisa May Alcott herself, which makes the story semi- autobiographical. Jo has a temper and a quick tongue, although she works hard to control both. She is a tomboy and reacts with impatience to many limitations placed on women and girls. 

2) Meg March:- The oldest March sister. She is responsible and kind. She has a small weakness for luxury and leisure but the greater part of her is she is gentle, loving and morally vigorous. 

3) Beth March:- The third March daughter. Beth is very quiet and very virtuous. She does nothing but tries to please others. She adores music and plays the piano very well. 

4) Amy March:- The youngest March girl. Amy is an artist who adores visual beauty and has a weakness for pretty possessions. She is given to fits of temper and vanity but she does attempts to improve herself. 

5) Laurie Laurence:- The rich boy who lives next door to the March family. Laurie, whose real name is Theodore Laurence. He is charming, clever and has a good heart.

6) Mr. Laurence:- Laurie's grandfather and the Marches' next - door neighbour. He seems gruff but he is loving and kind.

7) Marmee:- The March girls' mother. Marmee is the moral role model for her girls. She counsels them through all of their problems and works hard. Her husband is at war.

8) Mr.March:- The March girls' father and Marmee's husband. He serves in the Union army as a chaplain.

9) The Hummels:- A family that lives near the Marches. The Hummels are poor and in bad health.

10) Aunt March:- A rich widow and one of the March girl's aunts. Although irritated and difficult, she loves her nieces and wants the best for them.

Icebreaker:-

An icebreaker is an activity, game or event that is used to welcome and warm up the conversation among participants in a meeting, training class, team building session, or another event. Any event that requires people to comfortably interact with each other and a facilitator is an opportunity to use an icebreaker. It is a kind of preparation activity. It relates the learners to the theme of the topic.

Brief Story in Marathi: Being Neighborly

कथेचा सारांश:

तो एक हिमवर्षाव होत असलेला दिवस होता आणि जो ने बाहेर जाऊन बर्फात रस्ता शोधण्याचे ठरविले. मार्च कुटुंबाचे घर - एक लहान, तपकिरी, खराब झालेले घर होती. तेथिल वेलींची हिरवीगार पालवी उन्हाळ्यात वळून गेली होती. हे घर श्री लॉरेन्सच्या मोठ्या दगडी हवेलीपासून लहान कुंपणाद्वारे विभक्त झालेले होते.

दुसर्‍या मजल्यावरील एका खिडकीजवळ ज्यो ला लॉरी बसलेला दिसला. जो ला त्या गरीब एकाकी मुलाबद्दल वाईट वाटले. तिने लॉरीचे लक्ष वेधून घेण्यासाठी खिडकीजवळ एक स्नोबॉल फेकला. जो शी बोलतांना लॉरीने कबूल केले की तो थंडीने आजारी होता आणि त्याने जो ला घरी येण्याचे आमंत्रण दिले.

जो लॉरीच्या घरी जातांना त्याला खाद्य पदार्थ घेऊन आली. तो पदार्थ म्हणजे मेग ने बनवलेला ब्लँक-मॅंगेज (एक प्रकारचे कस्टर्ड) होता. सोबत तिने बेथच्या मांजरीचे पिल्लू ही नेले होते. जो ने लॉरीचे घर न्याहाळले आणि लॉरीला मोठ्याने पुस्तक वाचून दाखवण्याची ऑफर दिली. लॉरीने मात्र तिला गप्पा मारण्याची विनंती केली. जोने त्याला आपल्या कुटूंबाविषयी सांगितले.

लॉरीने प्रामाणिकपणे सांगून टाकले की तो कधीकधी मार्चच्या कुटूंबाची हेरगिरी करत राहतो. एकमेकांशी प्रेमाने राहणारे मार्च कुटुंब गुपचूप पाहणे हे लॉरीआवडते. जोने जाणून घेतले की केवळ अनाथ असल्यामुळे (आई वडील लहान असतानाच मरण पावले होते. म्हणूनच आता तो आजोबांसमवेत राहिला होता) आणि एकटे वाटले म्हणून तो हे करत होता.

लॉरी त्याच्या डॉक्टरला भेटण्यासाठी काही काळासाठी बाहेर पडला आणि जेव्हा तो गेला तेव्हा लॉरीचे आजोबा आले. त्यावेळी जो लॉरीच्या आजोबांचे पोट्रेट पहात होती. मागे न पहाता ती म्हणते की आजोबांचा चेहरा उग्र वाटत असला तरी त्यांचे डोळे प्रेमळ आहेत व त्यांच्यात दृढ इच्छा शक्ती आहे. ती पुढे म्हणते की ते जरी माझ्या आजोबांइतके देखणे नसले तरी मला ते आवडलेले आहेत. आजोबा तिचे आभार मानतात. त्यांना पाहून जो आश्चर्यचकित होते.

जो आजोबांना म्हणते की, तिला असे वाटते लॉरीला त्याच्या स्वत:च्या वयाच्या मुलांसोबत जास्त वेळ घालवणे आवश्यक आहे. श्री. लॉरेन्स यांना जाणवते की, जोने जे सांगितले ते सत्य आहे. ते जो ला सांगतात की एखाद्या दिवशी ते स्वत: श्रीमती मार्च ला (जो ची आई) भेटायला येतील. जो लॉरी व आजोबा यांचा निरोप घेऊन घरी जायला निघते. 

Textual Activities.

Activity :-

i) Complete the web diagram

Friendship to me means:-

1) Get moral support in difficulties.

2) Ready to sacrifice anything.

3) Relation beyond gives and gains.

4) Place to open your heart.

5) Sharing the secrets, happiness and sorrow.

6) Caring and sharing.

7) Ready to help every other in need.

8) Having long conversation.

9) Giving and receiving gifts.

10) Making lots of fun.

11) Accepting each other with vices and virtues.

12) Giving support to each other.

13) Caring each other.

14) Enjoying every moment.

15) Keeping in touch with each other.

Activity:-

ii) Complete the statement

If you see someone lonely or sad you will:-

1) I will help him in difficult times.

2) I will co-operate him in difficult situations.

3) I will be courteous to him.

4) I will overcome his sorrows by walking hand in hand.

5) I will give solution on any distress that the person is suffering from. I will remind him karma i.e. duty which we need to face.

6) I will befriend him or her and start topics in such a way that he / she will feel home.

7) I will ask him what wrong was happen with him.

8) I will talk with him and try to understand his problem.

9) I will offer him or her tea or snacks.

10) I will tell good jokes.

11) I will comfort him or her.

12) I will spend time with him or her.

13) I will try to make him or her forget his or her sorrow.

14) I will cheer him or her up.

15) I will never make him or her feel lonely.

Vocabulary:-

Glossary-

pussy cat- easy going, lazy or inactive person आळशी व्यक्ती

groves- small group of trees छोटी बाग

hedge- a row of bushes झुडूपांचे कुंपण

frolicked- overplayed, behaved in a playful way आनंदाने खेळणे

invalid dolls- dolls with broken limbs हातपाय तुटलेल्या बाहुल्या

stately- impressive भव्य

betokening- a sign of something दर्शक खुण

conservatory- glass room for delicate plants नाजूक रोपांसाठी काचेचे घर

scandalizing- teasing, to cause somebody to feel shocked by doing unusual things भावना दुखवणे

wistfully- longingly आशाळभूतपणे

croaked out as hoarsely as a raven- uttered a low hoarse sound like raven bird कर्कश आवाज

listless- lacking energy उदासीन

a little gentleman- small aged polite person or boy of etiquettes शिष्टाचार असलेला व्यक्ती

colored up- blushed चेहऱ्याचा रंग बदलणे, ओशाळणे

To wait on- to serve the needs of someone एखाद्याच्या गरजा पूर्ण करणे

gruffy- Rough voice घोगरा आवाज

good breeding- good manners, polite and socially correct behaviour चांगली वर्तवणूक

pranced- to move about with quick, high steps वेगाने चालणे

Hollow chairs- large and deep armchairs मोठ्या आरामखुर्च्या

wicked- morally bad, evil, here mischievous दुष्टपणे, खोडकरपणे

affair- work, action येथे काम

Brainstorming:-

A1. 

i) Jo’s decision to make friends with the lonely boy next door proves to be good one. Elaborate. You may begin with ‘Jo was a bold, friendly and warm person---------

Answer:- 

Jo was a bold, friendly and warm person. She knew that the next door boy Laurie was lonely and wanted to enjoy the fun with the persons of his age. So she had taken appropriate steps and met the lonely boy. She changed the life of the boy and he became neighbourly with others.

ii) Read the extract ‘Being Neighborly’ and complete the following statements:

a) To Jo the fine house seemed like a kind of enchanted palace, full of splendors and delights which no one enjoyed.

b) Jo swept a path around the garden for Beth to walk in when the sun came out and her broken limbs dolls needed air.

c) Jo entered the old stone house carrying blanc – mange surrounded by a garland of green leaves ant the scarlet flowers.

d) In order to tide the room, Jo needed to place the objects in a right place.

iii) Bring out the contrast between the two houses with the help of the following points.

House of March   

House of Laurence

1) Old, brown house                    
a) Stately stone mansion 

   

2) Robbed of the vines                 
b) Well-kept grounds

3) Children played all around      
c) Lonely and lifeless – no children playing

4) Loving and friendlier              
d) No motherly face smiled at the window

A2. The traits of the characters you meet in the extract are jumbled. Sort them out and write them in the appropriate columns.

(Shy, bold, guff, friendly, withdrawn, perceptive, empathetic, playful, lonely, happy, gentlemanly, frank, mature, dull, sharp, adventurous)

Jo	Laurie	Grandpa
bold	shy	guff
friendly	perceptive	withdrawn
playful	lonely	emphatic
happy	gentlemanly	dull
adventurous	frank
sharp	mature

A3.(i) Write down in your own words the way Laurie confirmed the names of the March sisters.

Answer:- Laurie described the rosy girl as Beth who stayed at home most of the time and sometimes went out with a little basket. He recognized the pretty girl as Meg while the curly – haired one as Amy. In this way Laurie confirmed the names of the March sisters.

(ii) Give a brief account of the interaction between Grandpa and Jo.

Answer:- Jo expressed her thoughts about Grandpa that he had kind eyes, tremendous will but he was not as handsome as her grandfather. She did not know that Laurie’s Grandpa was hearing her words. Grandpa thanked her hearing her expressions about him. She blushed and felt uncomfortable about what she had said about Grandpa. But Grandpa accepted her remarks and made her comfortable with soft words. He enquired about her presence with his grandson Laurie. She claimed that he needed to become friendlier with neighbours so he would never remain alone. Grandpa accepted her thinking.

A4. (i) Find proverbs, maxims and Idioms related to ‘friendship’.

(a) For example: Birds of a feather flock together.

(b) A friend in need is a friend indeed.

(c) A friend in court is better than a penny in purse.

(d) Isn’t it pleasure to receive a friend from afar?

(e) A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.

(ii) The extract deals with the atmosphere of two homes. Collect the words associated with-

(a) Home:- Old, brown house, bare and shabby, Stately stone mansion, big coach house, enchanted place, as dull as tombs etc.

(b) Library:- A fellow can’t live on books, lined with books, distracting little cabinets full of coins and curiosities, sleepy hollow chairs, queer tables, bronzes, open fireplace etc.

(c) Garden:- Groves, lawns, robbed of the vines, low hedge etc.

A5. Change into indirect speech.

(a) “Do you like your school?” asked the boy.

     “Don’t go to school; I’m a business man – girl. I mean,” answered Jo.

Answer:- The boy wanted to know whether she (Jo) liked school. To which , Jo answered rather emphatically that she did not go to school. She further added that she was a businessman, jovially corrected the gender.

(b) Jo flourished her broom as she called out….. “How do you do? Are you sack?”

Laurie opened the window and croaked out as hoarsely as a raven………

“Better, thank you. I’ ve had a bad cold and been shut up a week.

Answer:- Jo flourished her broom as she called how he (Laurie) was. She further inquired whether he was sick. Laurie opened the window and croaked out as hoarsely as a raven and giving thanks he confirmed her that he was feeling better. He further added he had been suffering from cold and had been shut himself up a week.

(c) “The pretty one is Meg and the curly – haired is Amy, I believe?” – Laurie.

“How did you find that out” –Jo

Answer:-Laurie confirmed that the pretty one was Meg and the curly – haired was Amy.

Jo (surprisingly) asked (him) how he had found that out.

(d) “I’m not afraid of anything,” returning Jo, with a toss of the head.

“I don’t believe you are!” exclaimed the boy.

Answer:- Returning Jo, with a toss of the head assured that she was not afraid of anything.

The boy exclaimed that he didn’t believe she was afraid of anything.

Other Activities

Activity:- Give information

Laurie has:

1. All the riches or physical pleasures

2. Stately stone mansion- full of splendors and delights

3. Servants, Grandfather, Tutor

Laurie doesn't have

1. Parents (mother and father)

2. Children of his age to play

3. Society and fun

Activity: Describe the effect of Laurie's words on Jo.

Answer:-

 When Laurie tells Jo about his real condition of being lonely; his grandpa lives among his books and do not bother about what happen outside of his house, his tutor does not stay there and he has no one to go about with him but to stop and get on as he can, Jo becomes cautious. She realizes in what condition, Laurie is going through. She advises him that he needs to make an efforts and go visiting everywhere. He will have plenty of friends, pleasant places to go. He should forget his shyness.

Activity: List the things that Jo notices in the portrait.

Answer:-

1) The old gentleman has got kind eyes

2) His mouth is grim (serious)

3) He looks as if he had a tremendous will of his own.                                                    

4) He is not as handsome as her (Jo's) grandfather.

5) She likes him.

Activity: 
In spite of Jo's apprehensions, Grandpa is

Answer:-

1) Pleased

2) Gives sharp laugh

3) Shakes hand with her

Activity: 

Discuss what Jo meant by this.

1) "Only trying to be neigbourly, sir"

2) seems a little lonely
3) splendid Christmas present                                                                       

Answer:-

1) Here she only meant that she is doing her duty as a good neighbor. She just wanted the boy of her age should not be lonely. He should get company of his neighbours.                                                                                                                     

2) The boy is alone as he doesn’t get company of his age persons.                                       

3) Here she reminded the kindness of Laurie's grandfather who had sent them the splendid Christmas present.

Activity:- Name and explain the figures of speech

I’m happy as a cricket here

Answer:-

Simile:-The girl Jo is directly compared as a cricket (insect) who is free from any fear and tension.

It’s as dull as tombs up here

Answer:-

Simile:-  The house of Laurie is directly compared with the tombs which are isolated and lifeless.

Activity:- Guess the meaning of the phrase in the context:

go on being neighbourly

In the context the phrase ‘go on being neighbourly’ means the isolated Laurence family (Laurie and his grandfather) is ready to make close and warm contacts with their neighbouring March family. There will be good and healthy relationship in between these two families.

Activity Sheet No.1

Q. Read the extract and complete the activities given below.

What in the world are you going to do now, Jo?" asked Meg one snowy afternoon, as her sister came tramping through the hall, in rubber boots, old sack, and hood, with a broom in one hand and a shovel in the other.   "Going out for exercise," answered Jo with a mischievous twinkle in her eyes.   "I should think two long walks this morning would have been enough! It's cold and dull out, and I advise you to stay warm and dry by the fire, as I do," said Meg with a shiver.   "Never take advice! Can't keep still all day, and not being a pussycat, I don't like to doze by the fire. I like adventures, and I'm going to find some."   Meg went back to toast her feet and read Ivanhoe, and Jo began to dig paths with great energy. The snow was light, and with her broom she soon swept a path all-round the garden, for Beth to walk in when the sun came out and the invalid dolls needed air. Now, the garden separated the Marches' house from that of Mr. Laurence. Both stood in a suburb of the city, which was still country like, with groves and lawns, large gardens, and quiet streets. A low hedge parted the two estates. On one side was an old, brown house, looking rather bare and shabby, robbed of the vines that in summer covered its walls and the flowers, which then surrounded it. On the other side was a stately stone mansion, plainly betokening every sort of comfort and luxury, from the big coach house and well–kept grounds to the conservatory and the glimpses of lovely things one caught between the rich curtains. Yet it seemed a lonely, lifeless sort of house, for no children frolicked on the lawn, no motherly face ever smiled at the windows, and few people went in and out, except the old gentleman and his grandson.   To Jo's lively fancy, this fine house seemed a kind of enchanted palace, full of splendors and delights which no one enjoyed. She had long wanted to behold these hidden glories, and to know the Laurence boy, who looked as if he would like to be known, if he only knew how to begin. Since the party, she had been more eager than ever, and had planned many ways of making friends with him, but he had not been seen lately, and Jo began to think he had gone away, when she one day spied a brown face at an upper window, looking wistfully down into their garden, where Beth and Amy were snow–balling one another.         "That boy is suffering for society and fun," she said to herself. "His grandpa does not know what's good for him, and keeps him shut up all alone. He needs a party of jolly boys to play with, or somebody young and lively. I've a great mind to go over and tell the old gentleman so!"

A1. True or false     (2)

Rewrite the statements and state whether they are true or false.

1) The atmosphere was cold and dull.

2) The wall separated the Marchs’ house from that of Mr. Laurence.

3) Beth and Amy were playing the game of snow ball throwing.

4) Laurie was isolated and needed to be socialized.

A2. Describe   (2)

Describe the house of Mr. Laurence.

A3. Guess        (2)

“That boy is suffering for society and fun.” (Guess the meaning of this statement.)

A4. Personal Response   (2)

If you see someone lonely or sad you will------- (Complete the information)

A5. Language Study        (2)

1) A low hedge parted the two estates. 

(Choose the correct passive voice of this sentence)

i) The two estates parted a low hedge.         

ii) The two estates are parted by a low hedge.

iii) The two estates were parted by a low hedge  

iii) The two estates had been parted by a low hedge.

2) "Going out for exercise," answered Jo with a mischievous twinkle in her eyes.

(Choose and write the correct reported speech for this sentence)

i) Jo answered with a mischievous twinkle in her eyes that she was going out for exercise.

ii) Jo answered with a mischievous twinkle in her eyes that I was going out for exercise.

iii) Jo answered with a mischievous twinkle in her eyes that he was going out for exercise.

iv) Jo answered with a mischievous twinkle in her eyes that going out for exercise.

A6. Vocabulary       (2)

Match the words given in ‘A’ with their meanings given in ‘B’.

A	B
1) sacque	a) dirty
2) doze	b) short jacket and hood
3) wistfully	c) sleep
4) shabby	d) longingly

See answer and more such useful activity sheets in the following book-

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On to the Summit

1.2 On to the Summit- We reach the top

On to the Summit: We Reach the Top

Ice Breakers:-

Activity-

Discuss with your partner and complete the web of different activities related to climbing.

Answer:-

Different activities related to climbing are:-

1) Horse trekking

2) Hot air ballooning

3) Parachuting

4) Paragliding

5) Mountain hiking or trekking

6) Caving

7) Mountaineering

8) Hill walking

9) Scuba Diving

10) Skiing

11) Canyoning

12) Waterfall rappelling

13) Glacier climbing

14) Bouldering

15) Ice climbing

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Activity:-

There are certain prerequisites for Mountaineering. With reference to the following points, develop a short dialogue between you and your friend about mountaineering.

Points:- Time, Distance, Equipment, Training, Clothes, Mental and physical fitness

Answer:-

I           :- Hi Rahul! How are you?

Rahul :- Hello! I am fine Tushar. Do you know about mountaineering?

I           :- Yes. I collected some information about it from internet.

Rahul :- I too got some information from newspapers and books.

I           :-  Good. Mountaineering is not an easy task. It needs a lot of time to become expert.

Rahul  :-  Yeah. The distance is also important. Initially we can’t cover too much distance on mountains because we don’t have its habit.

I         :- For mountaineering few things like rope, axe, water tumbler, sleeping bags, string, oxygen cylinder, food packets, medicines etc. are essential.

Rahul :- There is need of proper training for security of the mountaineer. We also have to decide in which season we should go for climbing.

I     :- Yes. It’s true. We need to take proper clothes for the mountaineering. Our clothes should help us in the climbing. They should not be too loose. They should not become a problem during our journey.

Rahul :- Mountaineering is also the test of mental and physical fitness. We should pay attention on it also.

I          :- Yes. We have much information now. OK. Good bye.

Rahul :- Good bye.

OR

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Activity :-

Develop a dialogue between you and your friend about mountaineering

Answer -

I: Hi, Raghu, What's up?      

Raghu: Hi, Dilip, I have a good news.

I: What's it tell me.        

Raghu: I have joined a mountaineering training session.

I: Wow, that's really great. Raghu tell me something about it

Raghu: I had wonderful experience in the first week of the class itself.

I: Come to the point Raghu don't beat around the bush.

Raghu: Ok dear, I was taken for an expedition to climb the Zippy point at, Khandala.

I: Zippy point, that's too high.

Raghu: So what? Distance and time does not matter for a mountaineer. The more the distance and time more the fun.

I: (astonished): what...?

Raghu: They provide all guidance and trained us. We need to wear special clothes and carry certain equipment along with us.

I: Was it not heavy with all these things for climbing?

Raghu: No, as we are trained for physical fitness and mental endurance. I too felt the same before undertaking the expedition but once I started the journey nothing could stop me as my goal of reaching the destination was pulling me towards it.

I: Hats off to you and your determination.

(Written By Prof. Sheela Narsimhan) 

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Activity

Discuss with your partner the various hazards and risks that a mountaineer / trekker has to face in an expedition.

Answer -

Various hazards and risks that a mountaineer has to face in expedition are:-

1) snowy and stormy wind (blizzard)

2) falling rocks,ice and boulders.

3) high altitude sickness.

4) carry wounds caused due to sliding or falling down.

5) snow bite during stay or journey.

6) unable to Keep in touch with base camp to gain help

7) loose the right path and trap in unknown place.

8) keep the body safe from insects, reptiles and other wild creatures.

9) survive in insufficient or low oxygen area.

10) tolerate hunger and remain thirsty in critical situations.

11) sunburn

12) dehydration

13) co relation in using rope

14) problem of companions’ injury

15) tiredness

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Activity given on the Margin of the text book page:

Activity:-

Give reasons for the rope being called a symbol.

Rope is used to climb safely. It connects each mountaineer with other and gives message that they are attached firmly. Rope is the symbol of working unitedly. It converts the individuals into a team. It tides them together. So it is a symbol and it is the symbol of unity.

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Glossary

alternated	changed places
sloping	slanting up or down
summit	the highest point of a hill or mountain
controversy	prolonged public heated discussion
pact	a formal agreement between individuals or parties
ridge	a long narrow piece of raised land hug
embrace	hold (someone) closely in one's arms
accord	be harmonious or consistent with
quench	satisfy one's thirst
exhilarated	very happy and excited
gale	strong wind
apparently	as far as one knows or one can see
anchor	a device or method of attaching a rope or load to the climbing surface to support the climber's weight
charged	assigned a duty or responsibility to
expedition	an organized journey that is made for a particular purpose
barring	Stopping
taut	stretched or pulled tight
fastened	secure (or attach) one thing to another
descent	a movement in the downward direction
glacier	a slowly moving mass of ice (river of snow)
flushed	to turn red due to a strong emotional reaction
steep	having a sharp inclination

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Brainstorming

A1. Summarize to the class in your own words the highly risky and dangerous journey of Tenzing and Hillary from the base to the top of Mt. Everest.

Answer:-

The journey of Tenzing and Hillary was really risky and dangerous. One hour of steady going, they had to pass up a steep line of rocks. They had to climb the snow – covered slope. It caused slanting up and down. By the help of rope, they went over the dangerous ground. They were thirsty and tired. But finally they reached the top of the Everest.   

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A2.

(i) Complete the web highlighting the feelings/emotions of Tenzing after reaching the summit.

Tenzing’s feelings / emotions after reaching the summit:-

Answer:-

1) Gratitude to God.

2) Placed offerings to God on top.

3) Adjusted flags on summit to show win of man over Everest.

4) Embraced each other to express joy.

5) Red scarf made Tenzing felt that his friend Lambert was with him.

6) Exhilarated for completing the task

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(ii) Glance through the text again and explain the qualities of Tenzing Norgay.

     Pick lines that show his unique qualities. One is done for you.

Answer:-

Sr.	Qualities	Lines
1	Patriotic	I told colonel Hunt that I was carrying the Indian flag with me and I would like it to on the top with other flags.
2	Aesthetic	My first thought -----gratitude to God
3	Emotional	I was wearing a red scarf -------I remembered him.
4	Humble	The tea smelled kerosene --- enjoy it whatever the smell

(iii) Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit' :

(i) Red Scarf

(ii) husiar

(iii) Kerosene flavoured tea

(iv) Ice axe

(v) Anchor

Answer:-

1) Red scarf:- It felt Tenzing that his friend who had given it was with him.

2) Husiar:- Means caution. Climbing down needed to be cautious or it might result in the accident.

3) Kerosene flavoured tea :- It was the tea provided by Noyce who in a hurry he brought Kerosene mixed tea to welcome them.

4) Ice axe:-  It is a multipurpose hiking and climbing tool used by mountaineers.

5) Anchor:- The person follows other climbing person has a difficult job both climbing up and down. He connects the other person. It makes the climbing persons remain fixed to any place. Such person is called anchor.

(A3)

(i) Add suitable suffixes (-tion,- ly, -ment, -ous) and prefixes (un, il, im) to the words given below. One is done for you.

Answer:-

Sr.	Word	Prefix	Suffix
1	absolute	nonabsolute	absolutely
2	fulfill	unfulfilled	fulfillment
3	determine	undetermined	determination
4	danger	endanger	dangerous
5	tight	airtight, untighten	tightly, tighten
6	clear	unclear	clearly, clearance
7	sure	ensure	surely
8	legal	illegal	legally
9	legitimate	illegitimate	illegitimately
10	possible	impossible	possibility

(ii) By filling appropriate letters in the blank spaces, you will get a past participle from it. Use the word as adjective in your own sentence. One is done for you.

(a) s _ _ n _ d

Answer-

Word- signed.

1) The advocate took all the signed documents to the court.

2) He must submit the signed photo copy of the documents.

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(b) p_ _ z _ d

Answer-

Word- Prized. 

1) The pen I lost was prized one.

2) M. S. Dhoni’s prized collection includes an Audi car.

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(c) f_ _ t_ e n e_

Answer-

Word- Flattened.

1) You can draw rangoli on flattened soil.

2) The boxer was flattened in the 7th round.

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(d) b _ i_e_

Answer-

Word- Boiled. 

1) We used to drink boiled water.

2) I like to eat boiled eggs.

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(iii) Spot the error. One is done for you.

I was not afraid for die that day.

Correct Sentence- I was not afraid to die that day.

(a) Tenzing and Hillary made an pact at the office of P M of Nepal.

Answer-

Tenzing and Hillary made a pact at the office of P M of Nepal.

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(b) I has to bring my ice axe down with me.

Answer-

I have to bring my ice axe down with me.

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(c) Tenzing have spent a night with Camp Eight.

Answer-

Tenzing has spent a night at Camp Eight.

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(d) Pact was signed from Tenzing and Hillary.

Answer-

Pact was signed by Tenzing and Hillary.

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(e) I and Hillary were in no mood of talking.

Answer-

Hillary and I were in no mood for talking.

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(A4) When Tenzing and Hillary reached the summit, Tenzing in utter joy said, “We have done it.” In this sentence the subject (we) is the doer of the action while it (achieving the feat) is the subject. The verb of passive voice is formed by using the correct form of the verb ‘to be’ + past participle of the main verb. Construct the sentences accordingly.

Now carefully go through the changes in both the sentences and do the changes accordingly in the remaining sentences.

We have done it.

It has been done by us.

(a) We made a pact.

Answer-

A pact was made by us.

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(b) I offered silent prayer in my heart.

Answer-

Silent prayer was offered in my heart by me.

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(c) Colonel Hunt gave me three flags.

Answer-

I was given three flags by colonel

Three flags were given to me by colonel.

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(d) I was carrying the Indian flag.

Answer-

The Indian flag was being carried by me.

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(e) I took photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags.

Answer-

Photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags were taken by me.

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(f) I remembered him.

Answer-

He was remembered by me.

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(g) We spent the night at Camp Eight.

Answer-

The night was spent at Camp Eight by us.

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Activity:- Comparisons

Look at the sentences given below. Find out which one is correct. If the sentence is wrong give reasons.

a. Sunita is the quieter of four sisters.

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:- It’s a superlative degree and needs the third form or superlative form of adjective (i.e. quietest)

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b. Sunita is the quietest of the four sisters.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

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c. Anil’s computer is more new than mine.

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:-The wrong second form of adjective is used.

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d. Anil’s computer is newer than mine.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

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e. I have the wonderfullest mother in the world

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:- The wrong third form of adjective is used.

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f. I have the most wonderful mother in the world.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

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g. Aditi is more carefuller than Mary.

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:- The wrong second form of adjective is used.

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h. Aditi is more careful than Mary.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

When we compare two nouns, we use comparative adjectives. When we compare more than two nouns, we use superlative adjectives.

e.g.

a. Milind is taller than John.

b. Zakir is the tallest of the three brothers.

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Activity:- Look at the following sentences and observe the changes in the three sentences. Discuss the changes and note your responses:

e.g.

a. Atul is not as bright as Milind in studies.

b. The dining room is brighter than the kitchen.

c. Anne is the brightest girl in class.

Answer-

In the first sentence the first form or base form of the adjective is used so it is the sentence having positive degree.

In the second sentence the second form or comparative form of adjective is used so it is the sentence having comparative degree.

In the third sentence the third form or superlative form of adjective is used so it is the sentence having superlative degree.

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Activity:- Make a list of adjectives in three different forms of comparison. Use different texts to find these.

Degree forms –

1) Positive + er and est

Bold	Bolder	Boldest
Clever	Cleverer	Cleverest
Great	Greater	Greatest
Kind	Kinder	Kindest
Sweet	Sweeter	Sweetest

2) Positive ending ‘Y’ + ier and iest

Easy	Easier	Easiest
Happy	Happier	Happiest
Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest
Wealthy	Wealthier	Wealthiest

3) Positive ending ‘e’ + r and st

Able	Abler	Ablest
Brave	Braver	Bravest
Fine	Finer	Finest
Wise	Wiser	Wisest
Noble	Nobler	Noblest

4) Positive + double the consonant with er and est

Big	Bigger	Biggest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest
Thin	Thinner	Thinnest
Fat	Fatter	Fattest
Kind	Kinder	Kindest
Small	Smaller	Smallest

5) Positive + more / less and most / lest

Beautiful	More/ Less beautiful	Most/Lest Beautiful
Qualified	More/ Less qualified	Most/Lest qualified
Prompt	More / Less prompt	Most / Lest prompt
Proper	More / Less proper	Most / Lest proper

6) Separate words –

Good	Better	Best
Bad	Worse	Worst
Old	Older	Oldest
Little	Less	Least

Activity:- Fill in the blanks with comparative, superlative and positive forms of the correct adjectives in the brackets.

a. You are very naughty. You are---------------- your brother. (clever)

Answer-

You are very naughty. You are cleverer than your brother.

Or

You are very naughty. You are not so clever as your brother. 

b. The tiger is the----------------- animal in the zoo. (dangerous)

Answer-

The tiger is the most dangerous animal in the zoo.

c. This is------------------- road in town. (busy)

Answer-

This is the busiest road in town.

d. My new house is----------------- the one I used to live in. (big)

Answer-

My new house is bigger than the one I used to live in.

e. He is the-------------------- boy in class. (forgetful)

Answer-

He is the most forgetful boy in class.

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(C.W.F.) Noyce:

Cuthbert Wilfrid Francis Noyce (31 December 1917 – 24 July 1962) was usually known as Wilfrid Noyce. He was an English mountaineer and author. He was a member of the 1953 British Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Everest.

(W.G.) Lowe :

Wallace George Lowe (15 January 1924 – 20 March 2013), was known as George Lowe. He was a New Zealand-born mountaineer, explorer, film director and educator.

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Second Lecture

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Third Lecture

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Fourth Lecture

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