English for Jr. College: On to the Summit

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Saturday, 5 July 2025

On to the Summit

1.2 On to the Summit- We reach the top

On to the Summit: We Reach the Top

Ice Breakers:-

Activity-

Discuss with your partner and complete the web of different activities related to climbing.

Answer:-

Different activities related to climbing are:-

1) Horse trekking

2) Hot air ballooning

3) Parachuting

4) Paragliding

5) Mountain hiking or trekking

6) Caving

7) Mountaineering

8) Hill walking

9) Scuba Diving

10) Skiing

11) Canyoning

12) Waterfall rappelling

13) Glacier climbing

14) Bouldering

15) Ice climbing

Activity:-

There are certain prerequisites for Mountaineering. With reference to the following points, develop a short dialogue between you and your friend about mountaineering.

Points:- Time, Distance, Equipment, Training, Clothes, Mental and physical fitness

Answer:-

I :- Hi Rahul! How are you?

Rahul :- Hello! I am fine Tushar. Do you know about mountaineering?

I :- Yes. I collected some information about it from internet.

Rahul :- I too got some information from newspapers and books.

I :- Good. Mountaineering is not an easy task. It needs a lot of time to become expert.

Rahul :- Yeah. The distance is also important. Initially we can’t cover too much distance on mountains because we don’t have its habit.

I :- For mountaineering few things like rope, axe, water tumbler, sleeping bags, string, oxygen cylinder, food packets, medicines etc. are essential.

Rahul :- There is need of proper training for security of the mountaineer. We also have to decide in which season we should go for climbing.

I :- Yes. It’s true. We need to take proper clothes for the mountaineering. Our clothes should help us in the climbing. They should not be too loose. They should not become a problem during our journey.

Rahul :- Mountaineering is also the test of mental and physical fitness. We should pay attention on it also.

I :- Yes. We have much information now. OK. Good bye.

Rahul :- Good bye.

Activity :-

Develop a dialogue between you and your friend about mountaineering

Answer -

I: Hi, Raghu, What's up?

Raghu: Hi, Dilip, I have a good news.

I: What's it tell me.

Raghu: I have joined a mountaineering training session.

I: Wow, that's really great. Raghu tell me something about it

Raghu: I had wonderful experience in the first week of the class itself.

I: Come to the point Raghu don't beat around the bush.

Raghu: Ok dear, I was taken for an expedition to climb the Zippy point at, Khandala.

I: Zippy point, that's too high.

Raghu: So what? Distance and time does not matter for a mountaineer. The more the distance and time more the fun.

I: (astonished): what...?

Raghu: They provide all guidance and trained us. We need to wear special clothes and carry certain equipment along with us.

I: Was it not heavy with all these things for climbing?

Raghu: No, as we are trained for physical fitness and mental endurance. I too felt the same before undertaking the expedition but once I started the journey nothing could stop me as my goal of reaching the destination was pulling me towards it.

I: Hats off to you and your determination.

(Written By Prof. Sheela Narsimhan)

Activity

Discuss with your partner the various hazards and risks that a mountaineer / trekker has to face in an expedition.

Answer -

Various hazards and risks that a mountaineer has to face in expedition are:-

1) snowy and stormy wind (blizzard)

2) falling rocks,ice and boulders.

3) high altitude sickness.

4) carry wounds caused due to sliding or falling down.

5) snow bite during stay or journey.

6) unable to Keep in touch with base camp to gain help

7) loose the right path and trap in unknown place.

8) keep the body safe from insects, reptiles and other wild creatures.

9) survive in insufficient or low oxygen area.

10) tolerate hunger and remain thirsty in critical situations.

11) sunburn

12) dehydration

13) co relation in using rope

14) problem of companions’ injury

15) tiredness

Activity given on the Margin of the text book page:

Activity:-

Give reasons for the rope being called a symbol.

Rope is used to climb safely. It connects each mountaineer with other and gives message that they are attached firmly. Rope is the symbol of working unitedly. It converts the individuals into a team. It tides them together. So it is a symbol and it is the symbol of unity.

Glossary

alternated	changed places
sloping	slanting up or down
summit	the highest point of a hill or mountain
controversy	prolonged public heated discussion
pact	a formal agreement between individuals or parties
ridge	a long narrow piece of raised land hug
embrace	hold (someone) closely in one's arms
accord	be harmonious or consistent with
quench	satisfy one's thirst
exhilarated	very happy and excited
gale	strong wind
apparently	as far as one knows or one can see
anchor	a device or method of attaching a rope or load to the climbing surface to support the climber's weight
charged	assigned a duty or responsibility to
expedition	an organized journey that is made for a particular purpose
barring	Stopping
taut	stretched or pulled tight
fastened	secure (or attach) one thing to another
descent	a movement in the downward direction
glacier	a slowly moving mass of ice (river of snow)
flushed	to turn red due to a strong emotional reaction
steep	having a sharp inclination

Brainstorming

A1. Summarize to the class in your own words the highly risky and dangerous journey of Tenzing and Hillary from the base to the top of Mt. Everest.

Answer:-

The journey of Tenzing and Hillary was really risky and dangerous. One hour of steady going, they had to pass up a steep line of rocks. They had to climb the snow – covered slope. It caused slanting up and down. By the help of rope, they went over the dangerous ground. They were thirsty and tired. But finally they reached the top of the Everest.

A2.

(i) Complete the web highlighting the feelings/emotions of Tenzing after reaching the summit.

Tenzing’s feelings / emotions after reaching the summit:-

Answer:-

1) Gratitude to God.

2) Placed offerings to God on top.

3) Adjusted flags on summit to show win of man over Everest.

4) Embraced each other to express joy.

5) Red scarf made Tenzing felt that his friend Lambert was with him.

6) Exhilarated for completing the task

(ii) Glance through the text again and explain the qualities of Tenzing Norgay.

Pick lines that show his unique qualities. One is done for you.

Answer:-

Sr.	Qualities	Lines
1	Patriotic	I told colonel Hunt that I was carrying the Indian flag with me and I would like it to on the top with other flags.
2	Aesthetic	My first thought -----gratitude to God
3	Emotional	I was wearing a red scarf -------I remembered him.
4	Humble	The tea smelled kerosene --- enjoy it whatever the smell

(iii) Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit' :

(i) Red Scarf

(ii) husiar

(iii) Kerosene flavoured tea

(iv) Ice axe

(v) Anchor

Answer:-

1) Red scarf:- It felt Tenzing that his friend who had given it was with him.

2) Husiar:- Means caution. Climbing down needed to be cautious or it might result in the accident.

3) Kerosene flavoured tea :- It was the tea provided by Noyce who in a hurry he brought Kerosene mixed tea to welcome them.

4) Ice axe:- It is a multipurpose hiking and climbing tool used by mountaineers.

5) Anchor:- The person follows other climbing person has a difficult job both climbing up and down. He connects the other person. It makes the climbing persons remain fixed to any place. Such person is called anchor.

(A3)

(i) Add suitable suffixes (-tion,- ly, -ment, -ous) and prefixes (un, il, im) to the words given below. One is done for you.

Answer:-

Sr.	Word	Prefix	Suffix
1	absolute	nonabsolute	absolutely
2	fulfill	unfulfilled	fulfillment
3	determine	undetermined	determination
4	danger	endanger	dangerous
5	tight	airtight, untighten	tightly, tighten
6	clear	unclear	clearly, clearance
7	sure	ensure	surely
8	legal	illegal	legally
9	legitimate	illegitimate	illegitimately
10	possible	impossible	possibility

(ii) By filling appropriate letters in the blank spaces, you will get a past participle from it. Use the word as adjective in your own sentence. One is done for you.

(a) s _ _ n _ d

Answer-

Word- signed.

1) The advocate took all the signed documents to the court.

2) He must submit the signed photo copy of the documents.

(b) p_ _ z _ d

Answer-

Word- Prized.

1) The pen I lost was prized one.

2) M. S. Dhoni’s prized collection includes an Audi car.

(c) f_ _ t_ e n e_

Answer-

Word- Flattened.

1) You can draw rangoli on flattened soil.

2) The boxer was flattened in the 7th round.

(d) b _ i_e_

Answer-

Word- Boiled.

1) We used to drink boiled water.

2) I like to eat boiled eggs.

(iii) Spot the error. One is done for you.

I was not afraid for die that day.

Correct Sentence- I was not afraid to die that day.

(a) Tenzing and Hillary made an pact at the office of P M of Nepal.

Answer-

Tenzing and Hillary made a pact at the office of P M of Nepal.

(b) I has to bring my ice axe down with me.

Answer-

I have to bring my ice axe down with me.

(c) Tenzing have spent a night with Camp Eight.

Answer-

Tenzing has spent a night at Camp Eight.

(d) Pact was signed from Tenzing and Hillary.

Answer-

Pact was signed by Tenzing and Hillary.

(e) I and Hillary were in no mood of talking.

Answer-

Hillary and I were in no mood for talking.

(A4) When Tenzing and Hillary reached the summit, Tenzing in utter joy said, “We have done it.” In this sentence the subject (we) is the doer of the action while it (achieving the feat) is the subject. The verb of passive voice is formed by using the correct form of the verb ‘to be’ + past participle of the main verb. Construct the sentences accordingly.

Now carefully go through the changes in both the sentences and do the changes accordingly in the remaining sentences.

We have done it.

It has been done by us.

(a) We made a pact.

Answer-

A pact was made by us.

(b) I offered silent prayer in my heart.

Answer-

Silent prayer was offered in my heart by me.

(c) Colonel Hunt gave me three flags.

Answer-

I was given three flags by colonel

Three flags were given to me by colonel.

(d) I was carrying the Indian flag.

Answer-

The Indian flag was being carried by me.

(e) I took photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags.

Answer-

Photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags were taken by me.

(f) I remembered him.

Answer-

He was remembered by me.

(g) We spent the night at Camp Eight.

Answer-

The night was spent at Camp Eight by us.

Activity:- Comparisons

Look at the sentences given below. Find out which one is correct. If the sentence is wrong give reasons.

a. Sunita is the quieter of four sisters.

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:- It’s a superlative degree and needs the third form or superlative form of adjective (i.e. quietest)

b. Sunita is the quietest of the four sisters.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

c. Anil’s computer is more new than mine.

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:-The wrong second form of adjective is used.

d. Anil’s computer is newer than mine.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

e. I have the wonderfullest mother in the world

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:- The wrong third form of adjective is used.

f. I have the most wonderful mother in the world.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

g. Aditi is more carefuller than Mary.

Answer-

Wrong sentence. Reason:- The wrong second form of adjective is used.

h. Aditi is more careful than Mary.

Answer-

Correct sentence.

When we compare two nouns, we use comparative adjectives. When we compare more than two nouns, we use superlative adjectives.

e.g.

a. Milind is taller than John.

b. Zakir is the tallest of the three brothers.

Activity:- Look at the following sentences and observe the changes in the three sentences. Discuss the changes and note your responses:

e.g.

a. Atul is not as bright as Milind in studies.

b. The dining room is brighter than the kitchen.

c. Anne is the brightest girl in class.

Answer-

In the first sentence the first form or base form of the adjective is used so it is the sentence having positive degree.

In the second sentence the second form or comparative form of adjective is used so it is the sentence having comparative degree.

In the third sentence the third form or superlative form of adjective is used so it is the sentence having superlative degree.

Activity:- Make a list of adjectives in three different forms of comparison. Use different texts to find these.

Degree forms –

1) Positive + er and est

Bold	Bolder	Boldest
Clever	Cleverer	Cleverest
Great	Greater	Greatest
Kind	Kinder	Kindest
Sweet	Sweeter	Sweetest

2) Positive ending ‘Y’ + ier and iest

Easy	Easier	Easiest
Happy	Happier	Happiest
Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest
Wealthy	Wealthier	Wealthiest

3) Positive ending ‘e’ + r and st

Able	Abler	Ablest
Brave	Braver	Bravest
Fine	Finer	Finest
Wise	Wiser	Wisest
Noble	Nobler	Noblest

4) Positive + double the consonant with er and est

Big	Bigger	Biggest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest
Thin	Thinner	Thinnest
Fat	Fatter	Fattest
Kind	Kinder	Kindest
Small	Smaller	Smallest

5) Positive + more / less and most / lest

Beautiful	More/ Less beautiful	Most/Lest Beautiful
Qualified	More/ Less qualified	Most/Lest qualified
Prompt	More / Less prompt	Most / Lest prompt
Proper	More / Less proper	Most / Lest proper

6) Separate words –

Good	Better	Best
Bad	Worse	Worst
Old	Older	Oldest
Little	Less	Least

Activity:- Fill in the blanks with comparative, superlative and positive forms of the correct adjectives in the brackets.

a. You are very naughty. You are---------------- your brother. (clever)

Answer-

You are very naughty. You are cleverer than your brother.

Or

You are very naughty. You are not so clever as your brother.

b. The tiger is the----------------- animal in the zoo. (dangerous)

Answer-

The tiger is the most dangerous animal in the zoo.

c. This is------------------- road in town. (busy)

Answer-

This is the busiest road in town.

d. My new house is----------------- the one I used to live in. (big)

Answer-

My new house is bigger than the one I used to live in.

e. He is the-------------------- boy in class. (forgetful)

Answer-

He is the most forgetful boy in class.

(C.W.F.) Noyce:

Cuthbert Wilfrid Francis Noyce (31 December 1917 – 24 July 1962) was usually known as Wilfrid Noyce. He was an English mountaineer and author. He was a member of the 1953 British Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Everest.

(W.G.) Lowe :

Wallace George Lowe (15 January 1924 – 20 March 2013), was known as George Lowe. He was a New Zealand-born mountaineer, explorer, film director and educator.

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Second Lecture