The word ‘novella’ is
originated from the Italian word ‘novelle’. It is a type of prose fiction which
is shorter than a full-length novel and longer than short stories. It is a
well-structured yet short narrative. It is often satiric or realistic in tone. It
usually focuses on one incident or issue with one or two main characters and
takes place at a single tradition.
Style of the
novel:
The language and the
techniques used by the author for the narration of the course of events are
known as the ‘style’. An author can use extensive vocabulary and high phrases
or he may be laconic and would write only to the point or he may mix both
according to the requirement for meeting his purpose. He may use linguistic
devices to make the narrative effective. All these factors decide the ‘texture’
of the narration and create an impact on the readers. It is called the style of
the novel.
Types of
Novels:
1) Stream of
consciousness novel:
Stream of consciousness is
a phrase coined by William James in his treatise ‘Principles of Psychology’ in
1890. It is a method of narration that describes happenings in the flow of
thoughts in the minds of the characters. Incidents in the plot are in the sequence
of their occurrences. The novelist narrates them as they enter the mind of the
character. The stream-of-consciousness novel commonly uses the narrative
techniques of interior monologue.
2) Psychological
novel:
Psychological novel is the work of fiction that treats
the internal life of the protagonist or even the other characters as much as
the external factors. It is also called psychological realism. It is a work of
prose fiction which places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior
characterization, and on the motives, circumstances, and internal action which
springs from, and develops, external action. e.g. ‘Great Expectations’ by
Charles Dickens.
3) Epistolary
novel:
The
word ‘epistolary’ derives from the Latin word ‘epistola,’ which means a letter. The epistolary novel is that in which the writer presents
the narrative through a series of letters or other documents. Although
letters are the most common basis for epistolary novel, diary entries are also
a popular form of this type. e.g. Pamela (By Samuel Richardson), Diary of a
Young Girl (By Anne Frank) etc.
The autobiographical novel
is the novel based on the life of the author. However, the author changes the
places and names of characters or even may change or avoid certain details of
his life. It may or may not be in the first-person narration. e.g. David
Copperfield by Charles Dickens
5) Gothic
novel:
The novels that include
terror, mystery, horror, thriller, supernatural, doom, death or decay or haunted
buildings are called The Gothic novels. It is a genre associated with the
mystery and intrigue surrounding the supernatural and the unknown.
Characteristics of the Gothic include: death and decay, haunted homes/castles,
family curses, madness, powerful love/romance, ghosts, and vampires. e.g.
Dracula by Bram Stoker.
Utopia is an imaginary
community or society possessing the ideal qualities. It is a common literary
theme, especially in science fiction or speculative fiction. Both utopias and
dystopias share characteristics of science fiction and fantasy, and both are
usually set in a future in which technology has been used to create perfect
living conditions. However, the focus of the novel is usually not on the
technology itself but rather on the psychology and emotions of the characters
who live under such conditions. e.g. ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ by Jonathan Swift.
Indian
tradition of novels:
‘Rajmohan’s Wife’, by
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya was the first novel in English written by an
Indian. The period after that is marked by few more novels written by the
Indian writers. These novels bore either nationalistic virtues or social issues
as their main framework. Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the
major trio who prevailed in the period after that. Novelists like Anita Desai,
Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi and Manohar Malgaonkar changed the current of
Indian English novel through their works. Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth and
Upamanyu Chatterjee changed the Indian novel in English by adding new features
to it. Recent years have witnessed the dazzling performance by Indian novelists
like Salman Rushsie, Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai and Kiran
Nagarkar. The tradition of Indian English novel has undergone a vital change
since its birth and it has undoubtedly very bright future.
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Activities:-
1) Rewrite the statements and state whether they are true or false.
a)
A Novel is relatively a short narrative.
b) Middle class people had
a little interest in romances and tragedies.
Answer: -
a) A Novel is relatively a short narrative. - False
b) Middle class people had
a little interest in romances and tragedies. - True
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History of English Novel
| Activity No. 1 |
1. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentence:
योग्य पर्याय निवडा आणि वाक्य पुन्हा लिहा:
Eighteenth century gifted mankind with….
a) Drama and poetry
b) Novel and drama
c) Poetry and novel
d) Novel and periodical essays
Answer:
d) Novel and periodical essays
2. Rewrite the statements and state whether they are true or false.
विधाने पुन्हा लिहा आणि ती खरी आहेत की खोटी हे सांगा.
1) Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in modern times.
2) A Novel is relatively a short narrative.
3) ‘Tale of Genji’ is described as world’s first novel.
4) Middle class people had a little interest in romances and tragedies.
Answer:
1) Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in modern times. : True
2) A Novel is relatively a short narrative. : False
3) ‘Tale of Genji’ is described as world’s first novel. : True
4) Middle class people had a little interest in romances and tragedies. : True
| Activity No. 2 |
1. Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternative.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून रिक्त जागा भरा.
1) A novel is relatively a -------- narrative.
(Short / long /descriptive)
2) English word ‘Novel’ is derived from the Italian word ------------.
(Novella, Novelle, Novellus)
3) Geoffrey Chaucer wrote -------------------------------.
(Morte De Arthur, The Canterbury Tales, Tale of Genji)
4) The Tale of Genji by Muraski Shikabu was published in the year-----------
(1010, 1605, 1050, 1600)
Answer:
1) A novel is relatively a long narrative.
2) English word ‘Novel’ is derived from the Italian word Novella.
3) Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales
4) The Tale of Genji by Muraski Shikabu was published in the year – 1010.
2. Write in chronological order.
कालक्रमानुसार लिहा
a) Murasaki Shikibu’s Tale of Genji
b) Greek Romances
c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers
d) Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
Answer:
Correct chronological order –
b) Greek Romances
a) Murasaki Shikibu’s Tale of Genji
d) Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers
| Activity No. 3 |
1) Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentence:
योग्य पर्याय निवडा आणि वाक्य पुन्हा लिहा
i) Indian writers in English Novel initially wrote about the theme of---
a) Domestic violence.
b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
c) Scientific theories.
d) Psychological insights.
Answer-
b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
Indian writers in English Novel initially wrote about the theme of Nationalistic and Social virtues.
ii) Gothic novel contains …….
a) Terror and supernatural.
b) Mystery and thriller.
c) Horror and haunted buildings.
d) All of these.
Answer-
d) All of these. Gothic novel contains terror and supernatural, mystery and thriller as well as horror and haunted buildings.
2. State whether the following statements are true or false and rewrite the sentence.
i) Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in modern times.
Ans: True
ii) A Novel is relatively a short narrative.
Ans: False
iii) ‘Tale of Genji’ is described as world’s first novel.
Ans: True
iv) Middle class people had a little interest in romances and tragedies.
Ans: True
Solve the online tests based on History of English Novel
Test No.1 Set By:
Prof. Tushar Chavan
Rashtriya Junior College,
Chalisgaon
Dist. Jalgaon
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Test No, 2 Set By:
Mr. Laxman Bhaskar Revagade
Test No. 3
Set By:
Prof. Nalini Lothe
Kamla Nehru College,
Nagpur
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Test No. 4
Set By:
Prof. Nalini Lothe
Kamla Nehru College,
Nagpur
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Test No. 1
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