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The title ‘Indian Weavers’ focuses over
Indian artisans particularly weavers. The adjective ‘Indian’ is used with a
definite purpose appreciating the work of Indian Weavers. As the weavers
intertwine the fabrics, the poetess aims to interlace a message through the
poem.
Q. Read the extract and write an
appreciation of the poem
Weavers, weaving at break of day,
Why do you weave a garment so gay…..?
Blue as the wing of halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a new-born child.
Weavers, weaving at fall of night,
Why do you weave a garment so bright…..?
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,
We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.
Weavers, weaving solemn and still,
What do you weave in the moonlight chill…..?
White as a feather and white as a cloud,
We weave a dead man’s funeral shroud.
Answer:
About
the poem: This short poem – “Indian Weavers” by Sarojini Naidu gives us a
glimpse of the life and work of India’s famous handloom craftsmanship.
The
Form and Theme: the theme of the poem is development of human life through
various stages. The poet uses questions and answers form to throw light on the
various stages of life. The three different timings of a day and the types of
cloths the weavers weave represent the ways of life.
Poetic
Style, Language features, Poetic Devices: The poet uses a very simple style
and vivid words to represent the significance of different stages of life –
birth-adulthood-death, as the weavers work in the morning, noon, and late
evening. The metaphors: dawn
– birth, dusk – adulthood, night – death. Other poetic
devices used are: Simile, Alliteration, and Interrogation. The rhyme scheme is
‘a a b b’.
Message,
Values reflected: the poem is dedicated to the talented and hardworking
weavers and salutes them.
My opinion
and evaluation of the poem: I like the poem for its beauty of thought,
colourfulness and use of imagery.
The title ‘Indian Weavers’ focuses over Indian artisans particularly weavers. It is written by Sarojini Naidu. It is a short poem consisting of three stanzas having four lines each. The poet tells about three types of dresses that the Indian weavers weave at three particular times of the day. Metaphorically the dress weaved in the specific time of day symbolises a particular stage of life.
Introduction:
The poem ‘Indian Weavers’ is in the form of a dialogue between the poetess and the weavers. The poetess presents a common picture of weavers’ routine work. Through this work, she compares the three main phases of human life – childhood, adulthood and old age. Here, we find a beautiful symphony of colours of the garments, the wings of birds and phases of human life.
Theme:
The poem ‘Indian Weavers’ highlights the craft and skill of Indian weavers. The poetess has very nicely presented three phases of life. The life cycle is befittingly depicted from the work of weavers.
It reminds a Classic Marathi song-
'एक धागा सुखाचा, शंभर धागे दुःखाचे.
जरतारी हे वस्त्र मानवा, तुझिया आयुष्याचे'
Ice Breakers
A) Artisans are also called craftsmen. They are creators of diverse goods and use their hands to create unique, functional and also decorative items using traditional techniques. Now complete the web given below:
C) Let’s play a game. The teacher will ask the students some questions. Students will understand that there are some exceptions to the general rules. Let’s start. 1) One who weaves is a - weaver 2) One who plays a game is a - sportsman 3) One who sings is a - singer 4) One who dances is a - dancer 5) One who teaches is a - teacher 6) One who cooks is a - chef
D) We have often seen the picture of Gandhiji spinning on his charkha. Discuss the reasons behind this. One has been given for you.
Answer-
(a) To give rural people an opportunity to earn their livelihood. (b) To promote Indian handicraft skill (c) To make a symbol synonymous with the power of self-reliance, perseverance, and determination. (d) Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Swadeshi movement by taking up the charkha and encouraging the Indians to spin their own cloth.
E) Name some tools used by the weavers.
Answer: a) Loom b) Tapestry Needle c) Warp Yarn d) Shed Stick e) Weaving Comb f) Scissors g) Weaving Yarns h) Dowels i) Bobbin
F) Name some types of yarns used by the weavers. a) Linen b) Alpaca Fiber c) Sheep's Wool d) Silk from Silkworms e) Hemp f) Cotton g) Bamboo h) Rayon i) Nylon j) Jute
New words: 1) Weaving – interlacing threads to produce fabrics or cloth
The weavers start their weaving at the morning (rise of a day). The poetess compares the cloth with the blue coloured wing of a wild halcyon and asks the weavers why they look so happy while weaving the garment/cloth. In response, the weavers answer that they are weaving a dress for the new born baby so they are so happy. Here, break of day is metaphorical used for the birth and the first phase of human life which is a happy moment for everyone including the weavers.
The weavers continue their work during fall of night (evening). The poetess compares the garment/cloth with the purple green coloured feathers of a peacock and asks again the weavers why they are weaving so shiny garment/cloth. In response, the weavers answer that they are weaving a bridal veils of a queen so it’s fresh and bright. Here, fall of night is metaphorical used for the adulthood and the most important second phase of human life. It is a phase of merry days that brightens every aspects of human life.
The weavers carry out their work during the cold moonlight also. But their mood is serous and silent. The garment they are weaving is white. The poetess very ingeniously compares the white garment/cloth metaphorically with a quill and a also with a white cloud. The poetess asks again the weavers why they are weaving the white garment/cloth. In response, the weavers answer solemnly that they are weaving that white cloth for a dead body for its final rites (cremation). Here, the phrase ‘cold moonlight’ is metaphorical used to the final phase of human life i.e. death which is eternal truth.
The poetess has used two metaphors in the last stanza to compare the white cloth. Within that the metaphoric use of the phrase ‘white as a cloud’ needs deeper interpretation as if the white cloud (cloth) finally shrouds every dead and takes away it to its ‘Final Destination’ or ‘Final Rest’. The last two lines create the feelings of pathos in minds of the readers, the poetess and the weavers.
Figures of Speech and Explanation:
1. Weavers, weaving at break of day.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.Climax – The words are arranged in the ascending order.Metaphor - The birth (childhood stage of man) is implicitly compared with a break of day.
2. Why do you weave a garment so gay? . . .
Alliteration – The sound of letters ‘w’ and ‘g’ are repeated.Interrogation – A question is used for emphasis.
3. Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild.
Inversion – The words are not in correct order. The correct word order is – The wing of a halcyon wild (is) blue.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.
Simile – The blue coloured cloth is directly compared with a wing of wild halcyon.
4. We weave the robes of a new-born child.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.
5. Weavers, weaving at fall of night.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.
Climax – The words are arranged in the ascending order.
Metaphor- Adulthood (young - the second stage of man) is implicitly compared with the fall of night.
6. Why do you weave a garment so bright?
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.Interrogation – The question mark is used.
7. Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green.
Simile – The garment is directly compared with purple & green coloured plumes of peacock.
Anti-climax – The words purple and green are arranged in descending order.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘p’ is repeated.
8. We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.
9. Weavers, weaving solemn and still.
Alliteration – The sounds of letters ‘w’ and ‘s’ are repeated.
Climax – The words ‘weavers’ and ‘weaving’ are arranged in the ascending order.
Paradox – The line is meaningless / absurd as one cannot carry the work of weaving being still.
Anti-climax – The words ‘solemn’ and ‘still’ are arranged in descending order.
Tautology - The words ‘solemn’ and ‘still’ are similar in meaning.
10. What do you weave in the moonlight chill?
Interrogation – A question is used for emphasis.
Inversion – The words are not in correct order. The correct word order is – What do you weave in the chill moonlight?
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.
Metaphor - death (old age - the third and last stage of man's life) is implicitly compared with moonlight.
11. White as a feather and white as a cloud.
Repetition – The words ‘white’ and ‘as’ are repeated.
Simile – The garment is directly compared with a feather and a cloud.
12. We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.
Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘w’ is repeated.
13) White as a feather and as a cloud,
We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.
Simile- funeral shroud is directly compared with a feather and a cloud.
Theme The poem ‘Indian Weavers’ highlights the craft and skill of Indian weavers. The poetess has very nicely presented three phases of life. The life cycle is befittingly depicted from the work of weavers.
Activity No. 1
Q. Read the extract and complete the activities given below. (10)
WEAVERS, weaving at break of day, Why do you weave a garment so gay? . . . Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild, We weave the robes of a new-born child.
Weavers, weaving at fall of night, Why do you weave a garment so bright? . . . Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green, We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.
Weavers, weaving solemn and still, What do you weave in the moonlight chill? . . . White as a feather and white as a cloud, We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.
A1. Complete (2)
Complete the table taking information from the extract.
विणकराचे काम दिवसाची वेळ व मानवी जीवनातील घटना यानुसार माहिती लिहून खालील टेबल पूर्ण करा.
Weaver’s work
Time of the day
Events of life
Early Morning
Birth
--------------------------------
---------------------------------
--------------------------------
---------------------------------
Answer-
Weaver’s work
Time of the day
Events of life
Early Morning
Birth
Evening
Marriage
Night
Death
A2. Describe (2)
Describe the work of weavers at the fall of night.
संध्याकाळी विणकर करत असलेल्या कामाचे वर्णन करा.
Answer
At the fall of day, the weavers are weaving the clothes which are bright. They have beautiful colours. They are made for the queen who will use them during the marriage ceremony.
A3. Personal response (2)
Express your views in 50 words about the present condition of weavers working in the cloth factory.
कापड कारखान्यात काम करणाऱ्या विणकरांच्या सद्ध्याच्या स्थितीबद्दल तुमचे मत दया.
Answer-
The work of the weavers in the cloth factory is not so good. They have to work mostly in unhealthy atmosphere. They have to work on meagre amount. The weavers do not get proper value for their work as the machines are making good copies of their work easily. There may be few exceptions to this condition but in my opinion this profession is not so good.
A4. Poetic device (2)
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green.
(Name and explain the figure of speech. Find another example of the same from the extract)
Answer: -
Simile: - Clothes weaved by the weavers are directly compared with the plums of peacock.
Another example: - White as a feather and white as a cloud.
A5. Poetic creativity (2)
Compose two poetic lines making rhyme with the following line.
दिलेल्या ओळींशी यमक जुळवणाऱ्या कवितेच्या दोन ओळी लिहा.
The title of the poem is very
significant as Whitman has used the word ‘Song’ with a definite purpose that he
enjoys to travel on the open road without any tension and worries of past,
present and future and face the life without any complaint against his life. The
poet wishes to move ahead on the road of life with his own will and goodness. The
Song of the open road also indicates Freedom.
चला मैं मनचला खुशनुमा और उमंगभरी दुनिया है मिट्टी से लिपटी राह पर मंजिल हैं वहाँ जहाँ मैं चलुं चला मैं मनचला चला मैं मनचला इक़बाल खुद करे, नसीब खुद लिखे ना ख़लिश, ना गिला ना कागज, ना कातिब ,ना क़िताब ना दिवारों से आरा घर ना होगा विलंब तो करे आरंभ चले मिट्टी से लिपटी राह पर बाहों में जोश, मन लिये संतोष बैठे रहे करे निंदा मेरी चला मैं मनचला चला मैं मनचला खोजू सृष्टि में छिपे अजम, अटलं और जल के रहस्योंकी जो मेरे समीप है और न चलूं में उन ग्रहो, चांद और तारो के भ्रमण में अंतरिक्ष की खोज है ना मेरी वो सलामत उन्हें जो खोजना चाहते हैं, उड़ना जानते है वो चलें मनचले चला मैं मनचला लिये अतित का बोझ है लजिज जो उसमें लदे है नज़्म , जख्म, कुछ लोग, कुछ अज़ीज़, कुछ अपने,कुछ पराये मानो यकिन मेरा, ये सामान मैं ना छोड़ ना तोड़ सकूं, चाहुं फिर भी हर मोड़ पर मैं उसे ना हटा पाऊं, ना मिटा पाऊं यह न हों पाता मुझसे बोझ अतीत का बठ़ चला है हर मोड़ पे, और मैं हर मोड़ पर उसमें इज़ाफ़ा करता चला हूं चला में मनचला Poem: The Song of the Open Road' Poet: Walt Whitman रुपांतर: समीर खासनीस श्री टी पी भाटिया महाविद्यालय, कांदिवली वेस्ट मुंबई
The title of the poem 'Song of the Open Road' is very significant as Whitman has used the word ‘Song’ with a definite purpose that he enjoys to travel on the open road without any tension and worries of past, present and future and face the life without any complaint against his life. The poet wishes to move ahead on the road of life with his own will and goodness. The Song of the open road also indicates Freedom.
Ice Breakers-
A) Choose the mode of travel that you would like the most for a journey. (a)Airways (b)Waterways (c)Railways (d)Roadways
Answer:- I like the Roadways most.
B) Give reasons for your preference.
Answer:-
The roadways are easily available to all. So I also use it most. I can travel through remote areas by roadways. There are various kinds of vehicles available for road journey. I can use my own vehicle also. This journey gives a me a chance to see closely the natural beauty, green landscapes, villages, rivers, mountains and big cities.
C) Write the preparations you would like to make for the journey chosen.
Answer: (a) I would make a perfect planning for the journey. (b) I would collect information of the places before visiting it from different sources. I would use physical map or Google map to know the distance and exact location of the place. (c) I would carry the required things and medicines during journey. I would make booking of tickets, lodging and hotels. I would carry essential documents if I have to use my own vehicle. (d) I would carry light weight bags. I would place money in safe place. I would carry mobile charges and power banks to get mobile facility uninterrupted. I would also keep in touch with my family members who are at home.
D) Discuss the ways in which you would overcome the problems/ hindrances/ difficulties you face during your journey.
Answer:
(a) If I face any problem during my journey, I would take the help of the persons near me. If it is not possible, I would go to the place where I get the required help. (b) I would take help of the local police or inform my friends or family members to send required help to resolve the problem. (c) I would keep patience and try to overcome the problems. I would try to sort out the problems smoothly. (d) I would remain calm and pay attention to my safety to continue the journey.
E) During every journey we have to observe certain rules. Discuss your ideas of the journey without any restrictions.
Answer:
(a) I would go alone and search out the possible ways to continue the journey. (b) I would go with my friends if there is need of team efforts. (c) We would follow all the rules and regulations of the road safety. (d) We would show the required documents to show our identity proof. We would not consume the harmful drinks like alcohol during journey.
New words and their meaning:- Afoot- going on foot, walking, in motion brown path- bare land postpone- to stop for few days suffice- enough, adequate, sufficient delicious burdens (here)- sweet memories of the past whimper - low voice of cry or agony, unhappiness, sadness querulous - argumentative, complaining constellations - Here it means group, collection, gathering of people light-hearted – cheerful, care-free take to – begin
Introduction- Song of the open road is a poem by Walt Whitman. It is taken from the collection "Leaves of Grass". It is written in 1856. Walt Whitman strongly advocated importance of democracy & Freedom.The poem ‘Song of the Open Road’ is written in the free verse and is in the form of a monologue by the poet. The poet intends to express his open thoughts over journey of life taken on different roads. The unrhymed and varying length of lines shows the complexities and the ups and downs one faces in his /her life. It also indicates the poet’s inner desire to enjoy life to its fullest without bothering about the tensions and worries. It is an inspirational poem written in the form of narration. This poem is an Ode to one’s self.
Poet: Walt Whitman Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist and journalist. He is often called the father of free verse. He was born on Long Island in 1819 and grew up in the New York area. He had very little formal schooling, but he considered himself to be a lifelong learner. Whitman died at the age of 72 after suffering stroke in 1892. His poem 'O' Captain, My Captain' and his poetry collection 'Leaves of Grass' are his remarkable literary works.
Figures of speech:
1) The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.......
Alliteration - Sound of letter ‘l’ is repeated.
2) Henceforth I as not good- fortune, I myself am good- fortune......
Repetition - Word ‘good –fortune’ is repeated.
3) I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go.....
Repetition - Words 'Carry them’ are repeated.
4) Still here I carry my old delicious burdens.....
Paradox- Delicious and burden express opposite meaning.
5) Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticism.....
Tautology- ‘Complaint and Querulous’ expresses same meanings.
6) Still here........burdens
Metaphor - Old sweet memories are indirectly compared to something delicious.
7) Henceforth I....need no more –
Climax....Words are arranged in their ascending order of importance
8) Querulous Criticism
Alliteration- Sound ‘k’ is repeated.
9) Strong and content I travel the open road.
Inversion- The words are not in a correct prose order. The correct prose order is – I travel the open road strong and content.
10) I am fill’d with them, and I will fill them in return.
Repetition- The word ‘fill’ is repeated.
11) Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road.
Inversion- The words are not in a correct prose order. The correct prose order is – I take to the open road afoot and light hearted.
12) Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms.
Climax- Ideas are arranged is ascending order.
13)Song of the road -
Personification- Non-living object road is shown singing.
14) Song of the Open Road
Metaphor- The road is indirectly compared with the journey of life.
15) I carry my old delicious burdens
Paradox- Burdens are described as delicious. It is absurd. A burden cannot be delicious. The poet has used this combination of words to express that he has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever.
Paraphrase: The poem begins with poet’s journey on foot on the open road. Here the road means the road of life. He expresses that he is very cheerful to take the journey in this healthy and free world. In addition, the poet has a control over the journey as he is free to choose the brown path wherever to travel.
Next, the poet continues the thoughts in earlier lines by saying that he does not ask for good fortune and considers himself the creator of his own fortune. He adds that he will not cry or hesitate to do anything without postponing it and expects nothing. He is no longer satisfied being confined in the four walls. He is strong and happy enough to travel on the open road having unlocked himself from several complaints and arguments in his past life.
In the next lines, the poet tries to free himself from the worldly pleasures and relations. Even though he has a great faith in them and knows that they are doing well and happy with them, no more he likes to engage himself in friends and other people as he thinks that the mother earth is now enough for him to travel.
Special features :
The poem is written in very simple and effective language which is easy to understand. As it is written in a free verse, there is no rhyme scheme and meter. Length of the lines and stanzas are not equal. It has four separate stanzas. The first stanza contains only three lines, the other two stanzas contain four lines.
In the last stanzas poet uses parentheses to separate himself from the worldly needs. Phrases like 'light-hearted' and 'querulous criticisms' are interesting. Imageries such as constellations and brown colour are noteworthy. Figures of speech such as Alliteration, Metaphor, Repetition and Paradox are impressive.
Theme :
Freedom, joy of free life and optimism are the major themes of this poem. Throughout the poem, the poet encourages the readers to be true to themselves and live a free and enjoy the freedom of life. Although his life is not free from obligations and troubles, he encourages everyone to live their dreams, leaving the obstacles behind.
Moral/Opinion :
It teaches us to be optimistic and happy. We have everything including freedom and opportunities. It encourages us to enjoy the life in healthy and free world. It motivates us to fill our heart with immense pleasure
Activity No. 1
Q.1) Read the extract and complete the activities given below.(10)
Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road, Healthy, free, the world before me, The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune, Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing, Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road. The earth, that is sufficient, I do not want the constellations any nearer, I know they are very well where they are, I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens, I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go, I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them, I am fill’d with them, and I will fill them in return.)
A1. Complete (2)
Complete the following table with the describing words used for them.
उताऱ्यात खालील शब्दांसाठी वापरलेले वर्णन करणारे शब्द लिहून टेबल पूर्ण करा.
Words
Describing words
Speaker
--------------------------------------
World
---------------------------------------
Road
---------------------------------------
Burden
---------------------------------------
Answer-
Words
Describing words
Speaker
light-hearted, , Strong and content
World
Healthy, free
Road
the long brown
Burden
old delicious
A2. Locate (2)
Locate any two lines showing ‘carefree mood’ of the poet and write them down.
उताऱ्यातून कवी ची चिंतामुक्त मनस्थिती दाखावणारी कोणतीही दोन वाक्ये लिहा.
Answer-
The lines showing poet’s ‘carefree mood’ are:
1) The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
2) Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing.
3) Strong and content I travel the open road.
4) The earth, that is sufficient.
A3. Personal Response (2)
Give any two problems which you may face during a journey. Give the ways to overcome these problems.
प्रवास करत असतांना येऊ शकणाऱ्या दोन अडचणी लिहा. या अडचणींवर मात करण्याचे उपाय सांगा.
Answer-
Problems during a journey and ways to overcome them:
1) Break down of the vehicle- Search another vehicle to continue the journey.
2) Miss the correct road – Use the google map to search the correct road.
A4. Figures of Speech (2)
i) Name and explain the figures of speech from the following line.
” Still here I carry my old delicious burdens.”
Answer-
Transferred epithet- The adjective ‘delicious’ is transferred from ‘food’ to ‘burden’.
ii) Give one example of inversion from the poem.
Answer-
Example of inversion- Strong and content I travel the open road.
A5. Poetic creativity (2)
Compose a short poem in about four lines on ‘My Life’
