Std.XI and Std. XII Maharashtra state board text, activity sheet, grammar, vocabulary and writing skill resources.
Online Test on 4.1 History of English Drama
Set by: Prof. Tushar Chavan
Rashtriya Junior College,
Chavan
Dist. Jalgaon
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Spot the Error-
SCERT Question Bank
Q.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences.
1)
The number of people do not matter.
Answer:
Error – Use of verb ‘do’. The
subject ‘the number’ is singular so it takes the verb ‘does’ in simple present
tense.
Correct
sentence: The number of people does not matter.
2)
I am liking to see movies at the theatre.
Answer:
Error – Use of verb ‘am
liking’. The verb ‘like’ is a stative verb so it is not used in present
continuous tense.
Correct
sentence:
I like to see movies at
the theatre.
3)
I never forgets the given responsibility.
Answer:
Error – Use of verb ‘forgets’.
The subject ‘I’ takes the base form of the verb in simple present tense.
Correct
sentence:
I never forget the
given responsibility.
4)
He has often ask me to think before I speak.
Answer:
Error – Use of verb ‘ask’. In present
perfect tense the main verb must be in past participle form ‘asked’.
Correct
sentence:
He has often asked me
to think before I speak.
5)
No sooner did I challenged the man than he accepted it.
Answer:
Error – Use of verb ‘challenged’.
After ‘did’ the main verb must be in base form.
Correct
sentence:
No sooner did I challenge the
man than he accepted it.
6)
We are the more strongest community in the world.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘more’. In superlative
degree no need to use more before the third form of the adjective.
Correct
sentence:
We are the strongest
community in the world.
7)
I entered the room for search the documents.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘search’. ‘After for’ gerund ‘searching’ should be used.
Correct
sentence:
I entered the room for searching
the documents.
8)
We can plant the trees in order saving the earth.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘saving’. Here ‘saving’
should be replaced by ‘to save’. ‘In order to’ is a phrase.
Correct
sentence:
We can plant the trees in order
to save the earth.
9)
I usually asks my employees to be punctual in their tasks.
Answer:
Error – Use of the verb ‘asks’. The
subject ‘I’ takes the base form of the verb.
Correct
sentence:
I usually ask my
employees to be punctual in their tasks.
10)
The training came to an end before you left the city.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘came’. If two past
situations are given the earlier situation must be written in past perfect
tense.
Correct
sentence:
The training had come
to an end before you left the city.
11)
If you challenge me, I had accept it.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘ had’. In conditional
sentence if present tense (first condition) is given in the ‘if – clause’, the
other clause must be in simple future tense.
Correct
sentence:
If you challenge me, I will
accept it.
12)
The manager was looking into the missing file.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘into’. Here looking
into should be replaced by ‘looking for’. ‘To look for’ is a phrase.
Correct
sentence:
The manager was looking for
the missing file.
13)
She is more taller than all her brothers in the family.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘more taller than’. In superlative
degree we have to use ‘the tallest of.
Correct
sentence:
She is the tallest of all her brothers in the family.
Another answer:
Error – Use of ‘more taller ’. In comperative degree the second form of adjective is ‘taller.
Correct sentence:
She is taller than all her brothers in the family.
14)
He said he did not wanted to go to bazaar yesterday.
Answer:
Error – There are three errors:
Use of ‘wanted’. After did the
base form of the verb must be used.
Use of ‘yesterday’. Here yesterday
should be replaced by ‘the previous day’.
No use of ‘that’.
Correct
sentence:
He said that he did not want
to go bazaar the previous day.
15)
Mango is the bestest among all the Indian fruits.
Answer:
Error – Use of ‘bestest’. The third
form of the adjective good is ‘best’ and not ‘bestest’.
Correct
sentence:
Mango is the best among
all the Indian fruits.
Test Set By:
Prof. Tushar Chavan
Rashtriya Junior College,
Chalisgaon
Dist. Jalgaon
------------------------------------
4.1 History of English Drama
Drama:
1) Drama is a composition in verse or prose to be acted on the stage, in
which a story is related by means of dialogue and action and is represented
with, accompanying gesture, costume and scenery as in real life.
2) Drama is a composition designed for performance in the theatre in
which actors take the roles of the characters, perform the indicated action and
utter the written dialogue
The
elements of drama are-
1. plot
2. characterization
3. dialogue
4. settings
5. stage directions
6. conflict
7. theme
(I) Introduction
to English Theatre:
Drama has its origins in
folk theatre. Drama is a multiple art using words, scenic effects, music,
gestures of the actors and the organising talents of a producer. The dramatist
must have players, a stage and an audience.
The beginnings of drama in England are obscure. There is evidence to believe that when the Romans were in England, they established vast amphitheaters for the production of plays but when the Romans departed their theatre departed with them.
(Amphitheaters: a circular building without a roof
and with rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space. Amphitheaters
were used in ancient Greece and Rome.)
Then
there were minstrels. (Minstrels: a medieval singer or musician, especially one
who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the
nobility.) People enjoyed their performances.
Gradually
by the 10th century the ritual of the plays that itself had something dramatic
in it and had got few features of a play.
Between the 13th and 14th century drama started having themes which were separated from religion. The words themselves were spoken in English, a longer dramatic script came into use, and they were called as Miracle plays.
(Miracle plays: Miracle
plays are among the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe. These
plays focused on the representation of Bible stories in churches.)
Later,
these religious dramas were the Morality plays in which characters were
abstract vices and virtues. (Mortality Plays: a kind of allegorical drama having
personified abstract qualities as the main characters and presenting a lesson
about good conduct and character, popular in the 15th and early 16th centuries.)
These were allegories. (Allegory: a story, play, picture, etc. in which each
character or event is a symbol representing an idea or a quality, such as
truth, evil, death, etc.; the use of such symbols.)
(II) Elizabethan
and Restoration Theatre:
The Secular Morality plays have direct links with Elizabethan plays.
Features of the Renaissance Period:
i) They imposed a learned
tradition.
ii) They were classical
in depth with themes of education.
iii) They presented general
moral problems.
iv) They showed secular
politics.
v) These plays had
nothing to do with religion.
vi) There were examples
of both, comedy and tragedy.
Prime Dramatists:
Thomas
Kyd, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the prime dramatists of
this era.
It was
Kyd who discovered how easily blank verse might be converted into a useful theatrical
medium which Shakespeare used brilliantly in all his plays.
Tragedy developed in the hands of Kyd and
Marlowe.
Comedy
had also proceeded beyond rustic humour.
By the
nineties of the 16th century, the theatre in England was fully established but
complicated conditions governed the activities of the dramatist.
The
public theatre of the 16th century:
i) It differed in many
important ways from the modern theatre.
ii) It was open to sky.
iii) They were without
artificial lighting.
iv) The stage was a
raised platform with the recess at the back supported by pillars.
v)There was no curtain
and the main platform could be surrounded on three sides by the audience.
vi) There were galleries around
the theatre.
In the 17th
century the enclosed theatre gained importance. There was increasing attention
to scenic device as theatre became private.
William
Shakespeare:
Shakespearean
era came into existence in the 16th century to the public theatre. He wrote for
the contemporary theatre, manipulating the Elizabethan stage with great
resource and invention. William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet,
and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and
the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and
the "Bard of Avon".
Ben
Johnson:
Ben Johnson was contemporary
to William Shakespeare. He was a classicist, a moralist and a reformer of
drama. In comedy, Johnson’s genius is
found at its best and his influence was considerable. The Restoration
dramatists leaned strongly upon him.
Closing
of theatres:
Closing of theatres by
the Puritans in 1642. The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and
17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic
practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed
and should become more Protestant. With the Civil wars no theatre existed
between 1642 to 1660.
The next
phase which appeared after the Restoration produced a very different kind of
dramatic literature. Dramatists like Chapman, Thomas Middleton, Webster and
Dekker were at the forefront.
When Charles II came back with the
Restoration of 1660, the theatres were reopened. The Restoration comedy
achieved its peculiar excellence. Drama developed into class drama with
upper-class ethos. It lasted beyond this period into the first decade of the
18th century.
Comedy
in the early 18th century declined into sentimentalism. It became
Comedy of Manners. George Etherege was its most important exponent. From such
depths the drama was rescued by Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Sheridan.
(III)
Modern Theatre:
Features:
1) Use of picture frame
stage.
2) Actresses taking
female parts.
3) Moveable scenery
designed to create a visual image for each scene.
4) Use of artificial
lights.
5) Irregular spectacle,
melodrama and farce.
6) Monopoly held by the
two houses, Covent Garden and Drury Lane, for the performance of serious drama.
7) The audiences which
gathered to the 19th century theatre had not the intelligence or the
imagination of the Elizabethan audience.
8) The danger in the 19th
century theatre was that, above all, it was unrelated to the life of the time.
Henrik Ibsen:
Ibsen was the great
Norwegian dramatist of the 19th century. He dominates the modern drama. He
developed modernist, realist, social and psychological dramas like The Doll’s
house, Ghosts, and An Enemy of the People. They are far more subtle in
stagecraft and profound in thought than anything in the modern English theatre.
G. B. Shaw:
George Bernard Shaw was
deeply influenced and affected by Ibsen’s innovative contributions and experimentation.
He was the most brilliant playwrights of his times. He alone had understood the
greatness of Ibsen and he was determined that his own plays should also be a
vehicle for ideas.
The
responsibility of elevation of the English drama to the brilliance of the Ibsen,
fell with Oscar Wilde and G. B. Shaw in the late 19th and early 20th
century.
The 20th
century Drama:
The 20th
century showed a talent in the drama with which the 19th century
could not compete. H. Granville Barker, John Galsworthy, St. John Ervine were
some of the playwrights who explored contemporary problems. St. John Ervine had
been associated with a group of Irish dramatists whose work was normally
produced in the Abbey theatre in Dublin. Much that is best in the modern drama
in English developed from this movement. One of its originators were Lady
Gregory with W. B. Yeats and J. M. Synge. They were the most important
dramatists of this Irish revival who used a sense of tragic irony, a violent
species of humour and a rich and highly flavoured language.
T.S.
Eliot experimented with Greek tragedy in the early forties of the 20th century.
Other dramatists of the modern era, John Osborne, wrote on people who grew up
after the Second World War.
Kingsley
Amis wrote about frustrated, anti-establishment young people. Osborne’s ‘Look
Back in Anger’ brought a new vitality to the theatre scene. It was more a
cultural phenomenon than the work of literature.
Other
important playwrights of the modern era include Anton Chekhov, Bertolt Brecht,
Eugene O’Neill, Arthur Miller, Tennessee William, Eugène Ionesco, Samuel
Beckett and Harold Pinter.
(IV)
Indian Theatre:
Featurers:
i) Earliest seeds of
modern Indian Drama can be found in the Sanskrit Drama.
ii) From the first
century A.D. ‘Mahabhasya’ by Patanjali provides a feasible date for the
beginning of theatre in India.
iii) ‘A Treatise on
Theatre’ (Natya Shastra) by Bharat Muni is the most complete work of
dramatology in the ancient world. It gives mythological account of the origin
of theatre.
iv) Modern Indian drama however, has influences from all over the world, as well as Sanskrit and Urdu traditions.
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Objective
Test
1) Name any four
periods of History of British Drama.
Answer:- The four periods of History of
British Drama are:
i) Medieval period
ii) Renaissance period
iii) Restoration period
iv) Victorian period
2) List the four elements of drama.
Answer:- The four elements of drama are plot,
characters, theme and stage directions.
3) Give any two examples of dramas each from any four periods of history.
Answer:-
i) Medieval period
:- Robin Hood, Everyman
ii) Renaissance period
:- Romeo and Juliet,
Duchess of Malfi
iii) Restoration
period
:- All for Love, The Way
of the World
iv) Victorian period
:- The Importance of
Being Earnest, A Doll’s House
4) Compare the features of a comedy and tragedy.
Answer:-
|
Comedy |
Tragedy |
|
i) A comedy deals with humorous story with a happy ending. |
i) The tragedy deals with a serious or darker themes with sad ending. |
|
ii) A comedy creates laughter and fun. |
ii) A tragedy creates emotions of pity and fear. |
|
iii) A comedy depends mostly on unusual circumstances and witty
dialogues |
iii) In tragedy the main character mostly has a moral flaw that causes
the tragic end. |
|
iv) A Comedy uses humorous dialogues and situations to give relief |
iv) A tragedy evokes pity for the characters and teach moral lesson. |
5) Define drama.
Answer:- Drama is a composition in verse or prose to be acted on the stage. It tells a story through action, costume, setting and dialogue.
See more activities below-
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Test Set By:
Prof. Tushar Chavan
Rashtriya Junior College,
Chalisgaon
Dist. Jalgaon
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Download Revised Question Bank- Std. XII English.
Click on the following link:
Question Bank- Std. XII (Download)
Download pdf of all subjects question bank-
Std. XII- Question Bank:
http://www.maa.ac.in/index.php?tcf=prashnpedhi_12
Std. X- Question Bank:
http://www.maa.ac.in/index.php?tcf=prashnpedhi_10
Source: SCERT
Test Set By:
Prof. Tushar Chavan
Rashtriya Junior College,
Chalisgaon
Dist. Jalgaon
------------------------------------
------------------------------------Std. XII- Activity Sheet for the Board Exam Practice
Click on the link and download the Model Activity Sheet in PDF.
Activity Sheet Bank
Activity Sheet No. 1 Set by Prof. Tushar Chavan
Rashtriya Junior College,
Chalisgaon
Dist. Jalgaon
-----------------------
Most of the answers of the Activity Sheets are available in the Activity Work Book for Std. XII by Prof. Tushar Chavan
Activity Work Book – Std. XII English
Book Price Rs. 350
Courier or Postage Charges: Rs. 50
Total Price Rs. Rs. 400
Send money by Google Pay or Phone Pe to
Prof. Tushar Chavan
No. 9850737199 Send address on Whats App No. 9850737199 |
Click the following link to get the Std. XII Activity Workbook by Amazon
Click👇
Book Review
Review
writing
What
is a Review:
1) The examining or
considering again of something in order to decide if changes are necessary.
2) A look back at
something in order to check, remember, or be clear about something.
3) To look at or
think about something again to make sure that you understand it.
Book
Review:
A book review is a
thorough description, critical analysis, and/or evaluation of the quality,
meaning, and significance of a book. It is also expressing individual views
about any book.
Steps
for writing a book review:
1) Title-
Give the
appropriateness of the title. Try to give its meaning.
2) About the
writer-
Give short
information of the writer. His name and few other specialties.
3) Cover-
Give your views
about the front and back cover page. If there are any pictures, figures,
designs etc., mention its importance. Give your views if the cover page is
attractive, effective and apt or not. Mention colour combination used there.
4) Introduction-
Give brief
introduction of the book and why do you choose it.
5) Theme /Story/
Summary-
Give the central
idea of the book. Do not disclose all the events (or suspense if any) of the
story. Just give some hints about the story.
6) Content-
Give brief content
of the book. But do not give all the events as they may affect the sale of the
book.
7) Planning and
Presentation-
Give your views
about the chronological order and presentation of the content. See what kind of
narration, description or format of telling events is given in the book. Give
use language features.
8) Novelty /
special features-
Mention the new
remarkable things and specialties of the book appealing you most.
9) Conclusion-
Give your overall
impression about the book and recommendation about reading/buying it.
10) Suggestion for
writing a book revie in the exam-
Write review in
simple and clear language. Write a review in 100 to 150 words. One page of the
answer sheet is sufficient to write a book review. Along with the
book review, review of any magazine can also be given in the activity sheet.
There will be no name of the book or magazine given. Students can write a
review of any book or magazine.
----------------------------------------
|
For more examples of Book Review and Film Review, do buy the Activity Work Book for
Std. XII by Prof. Tushar Chavan Price Rs. 400 +
Courier Rs. 50 = Total Rs. 450 Send money by
Google pe or Pe Phone to 9850737199 Contact for more
information Prof.
Tushar Chavan Whats app number:
9850737199 Good
discount is available for buying 30 or more books. Book is also available on Amazon |
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Book Review: The Guide
Title: The title of the
novel ‘The Guide’ summarizes what the novel is all about. The title is based on
the central character -Raju.
Writer: ‘The Guide’ is a
novel written in English by the Indian author R. K. Narayan. R.K. Narayan
has been one of the prominent writers in Indian Writing in English.
The Cover Page: The cover page is attractive showing a picture of a dancing girl.
It is related to the story of the novel.
Introduction: R.K. Narayan’s novel ‘The Guide’ is the story of a man named Raju who
comes from a small village in India called Malgudi. Raju first comes across as
a guide, then Rosie’s career coach and then ends up becoming a holy man. It
shows the loss of Raju’s self and then to spiritual transformation and
awakening.
Central Idea: The novel describes the transformation of the protagonist, Raju,
from a tour guide to a spiritual guide and then one of the greatest holy men of
India.
Presentation: Like Narayan’s other novels, The Guide too begins with realistic
settings and everyday happenings in the lives of a cross-section of Indian
society, with characters of all sections. The novel is written in different
chapters.
Special Feature: The novel reflects Indian tradition and culture in great detail. It is
centered around an imaginary place in South India called Malgudi. ‘The Guide’
remains one of the best works of Narayan which has been adapted into a movie as
well.
Conclusion: The novel – ‘The Guide’ is a thought-provoking novel. It shows the subtle and complex human relationships in a very lucid manner. So, I like the novel very much.
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A book review is a thorough description, critical analysis, and/or
evaluation of the quality, meaning, and significance of a book. It is also
expressing individual views about any book.
Steps for writing a book
review:
1) Title-
Give the appropriateness of the title. Try to give its meaning.
2) About the writer-
Give short information of the writer. His name and few other
specialties.
3) Cover-
Give your views about the front and back cover page. If there are any
pictures, figures, designs etc., mention its importance. Give your views if the
cover page is attractive, effective and apt or not. Mention colour combination
used there.
4) Introduction-
Give brief introduction of the book and why do you choose it.
5) Theme /Story/ Summary-
Give the central idea of the book. Do not disclose all the events (or
suspense if any) of the story. Just give some hints about the story.
6) Content-
Give brief content of the book. But do not give all the events as they
may affect the sale of the book.
7) Planning and Presentation-
Give your views about the chronological order and presentation of the
content. See what kind of narration, description or format of telling events is
given in the book. Give use language features.
8) Novelty / special features-
Mention the new remarkable things and specialties of the book appealing
you most.
9) Conclusion-
Give your overall impression about the book and recommendation about
reading/buying it.
10) Suggestion for writing a book revie in the exam-
Write review in simple and clear language. Write a review in 100 to 150
words. One page of the answer sheet is sufficient to write a book review.
Along with the book review, review of any magazine can also be given in the
activity sheet. There will be no name of the book or magazine given. Students
can write a review of any book or magazine.
Scheme of Marking
|
Presentation
of theme/storyline |
2 Marks |
|
Technical/Novel
Aspects |
1 Mark |
|
Overall
Presentation |
1 Mark |
Activity No. 1
|
Q. Write a review of any book you have
read recently. Use any four of the following points- |
Answer-
Book- Batatyachi Chal
Title of the Book-
The book ‘Batatychi Chal’, is written by famous Marathi writer
Purushottam Laxman Deshpande. It is set in India during the 1940s. The title
"Batatychi Chal" focuses on the inhabitants of a tenement called
Batatyachi Chal in Girgaon, which is a locality in the city of Mumbai. The
families living there belong to the lower middle class. The humorous and unique
narrative laments the decline of this class of people.
Writer-
Mr.P. L. Deshpande was one of the prominent social, fantasy and comic
well known Marathi writer. His book "Batataychi Chaal" is a gem in
the collection of Marathi literature. The story described middle class
imaginary peoples and moments keeping the writer in center.
Book cover-
The cover of the book grabs reader’s attention. Dense trees and potato
fields are seen there. On the surface, it looks like someone is bending
over to support the ‘chal’ (resident). It shows the relationship as strong as a
tree. There is a bit of fun in it too.
Story content-
There are total 12 chapters in this book. Each chapters contains
different and humorous characters. Writer has tried to do justice to each
character by painting their inner traits. All the stories give comic relief.
Writer covers varied topics in routine life from his observations and own
experiences with his signature narrating style that oscillates between humour
and sarcasm. The last chapter brings you from the high of humour to depth of
emotions like a waterfall.
Language/ style:
The book is written in simple Marathi humorous language. It shows
writers unique style of narration. The description is realistic and sarcestic.
My opinion about the book-
One must read this book, and I can bet he will never keep it down till
the end. It is one of those books which everybody wants to read again and
again. Every time we read it; we enjoy it a lot.
Activity No. 2
|
Q. Write a review of any book you have
read recently. Use any four of the following points- |
Answer:
Book- Man Me Hai Vishwas
Title/ author:
‘Man Me Hai Vishwas’ is a famous book written by Vishwas Nagre Patil. He
is a famous police officer. It is one of the inspirational books.
Subject/ story:
This is an autobiographical book. It describes the author's journey from
a village youth to the IPS officer - his struggles and achievements. It
provides the inspiring journey towards success.
The cover page:
On the cover page of the book we see the photograph of the author in
uniform. His pose is confident and is suitable for the title of the
book. The back page comes with the author's message.
Language/ style:
The book is written in simple Marathi language in first person
narration. The description is realistic and appealing. The readers relate
themselves with the story.
Message:
The great book gives a clear message to youths that there are no
shortcuts to success. With a positive attitude and strong willpower all
barriers can be overcome. It is a must read for the youths aspiring for success
in competitive exams.
My opinion about the book:
The book is worth reading book. Its inspirational book. Readers must buy
the book and preserve it for ever.
See More-
Book Review- See more examples in the following book-
Activity Workbook for Std. XII English
Price Rs. 400 + Courier / Postage Rs. 50
Total Rs. 450
Send amount by post or courier to -
Prof. Tushar Chavan 9850737199
Activity No. 3
|
Q. You have recently read a famous
book/magazine. Write 'Review' on the same with the help of the following
points: |
Answer-
“Rich Dad Poor Dad,” written by Robert T. Kiyosaki and first released in
1997, is an effective guide about money. The book talks about two dads, Rich
Dad and Poor Dad, to show different ways people think about money and success.
Rich Dad and Poor Dad are like symbols for different ideas about wealth and
being financially free.
The main idea of the book is all about learning about money and
investing. Kiyosaki says we should change how we think about working for money
and try to make money work for us by making smart investments and doing our own
businesses.
The important message of “Rich Dad Poor Dad” is to question normal ideas
about money, things we own, and debts. It tells us to think more about building
things that make money and having income that comes without working all the
time.
There are two parts to the book. The first part has seven chapters in
the book. The second part has three chapters and an epilogue. The front and
back pages are attractive with four colours and perfect binding. The quality of
the book is very good. The pages are white with sharp printing.
Written by-
Prof. Hassam Khan
P. D. Night College, Malad. Mumbai
