Know from Prof Vaishali Jane Madam

Know from Prof Vaishali Jane Madam:-

1) What is Register?

Register (noun) - An official list of names or a written record containing regular entries of items.

Register (verb) - to enter or record an official list or directory, to detect and show (reading) automatically.

E.g The electroscope was too insensitive to register the tiny changes.

Register - The type of language that is used in a piece of writing, the type of language used by a group of people who share similar work or interaction.

We change our style of discourse according to different situations. The appropriate language register to be used according to the audience (who),to topic (what),the purpose (why) and the location (where).

Examples of Register (type of language) (word Register)

1) Related to school-

teachers, students, homework, black/white/green boards, pen pencil, compass box, eraser, sharpener, lessons, chalks, tests, questions, answers, examinations, head master/ mistress, peon, clerk, desks, benches, playground, library, laboratory, classrooms, office  tables chairs etc.

2) Related to a bank-

Cheque, pass book, deposit, credit, debit, loan, interest, account, cash, cashier, manager, withdraw etc.

2) He is the painter of day

(Explain the use of definite article 'the' in the sentence)

In this sentence the definite article is used as determiner to introduce the noun painter.

Here ‘He’ refers to ‘God’ and the word ‘painter’ means ‘artist’. He is the creator of our lives. As an artist He fills the beautiful colours in our lives. He weaves the cloth of human life by using various colourful threads (threads of happiness as well as of sorrows). Human life is the blending of these both things.

The pen is mightier than the sword

Here pen is not used for all types of pens.

Here pen means writing which is more effective/powerful than the military power or violence.

Lokmanya Tilak used his pen to create wrath in the minds of the Indians against the British by writing the aggressive articles in the newspapers such as ‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha’. That's why he is called the father of Indian unrest. His pen was mightier than the power of the British.

It is an instance of Metonymy figure of speech.

3) Impoverish:-

The word ‘impoverish’ itself is a verb. It means to make someone or something poor, lower in quality, to reduce to poverty.

The ‘impoverish’ comes from the old French word ‘pover’ means ‘poor’.

See the some letters of the word pover ty inside im pover ish.

Different forms of this word.

1) impoverish - verb

2) impoverisher and impoverishment - nouns

3) impoverished – adjective

4) Interesting Fact

The same word having different pronunciations and different meanings.

Resume (रिझ्यूम) (verb)_to begin again, to continue something.

Resume (रेझ्युमेइ) (noun)-a short descriptive summary.

(Summary of one's education, skill and employment when applying for a new job)

5) Uses of Would

Would is the past form of will. We often use 'would'  to report the past conversation. But there are its multiple uses. See below.

1) Polite request and offers. 

(polite ways to ask someone to do something.)

e.g

a) Would you give me your book?

b) Would you mind giving me your bike?

(here, would you mind is a phrase.)

2) In Reported speech

e.g.

Anita said",I will bring the cold drinks?"

Ans- Anita said that she would bring the cold drinks.

(here, past form of will)

3) In imaginary situation 

(present unreal condition)

e.g

I would move to France if I spoke French.

4) Repeated past actions.

e.g

When  I was a  child I would play hopscotch with my friends.

5) In second conditional.

e.g  

If I had won the lottery, I would have sought a car.

6) In Same conditional.

e.g.

If I were in your place, I would refuse.

7) Sometimes the condition is understood.

e.g.

Someone who liked John would personally love his father.

Means.

If someone liked John, they would personally love his father.

(condition is understood)

Note-

We do not use would with stative verbs such as live, be, know, think, understand, want etc.

6) Use of Effect

1) Effect is used as noun, if you are talking about the result of something.

2) Effect is used as verb, if you are talking about the process of generating an outcome (result).

7) What is the difference between ‘the thought of the day’ and ‘thought for the day’?

I think both are correct but we frequently say ‘thought for the day’ which is precise way of expressing.

The preposition of shows possession .In this case the day does not possess the thought. So we can't say ‘thought of the day’.

8) Vocabulary

1) to cut in  -- to  interrupt

Ex-a) It is manner less to cut in while two elders are talking.

b)When I was talking with my mother, my younger sister cut in our conversation.

2) to cut out -- to remove, cut

Ex.-a) Sweets should be cut out of diabetics’ diet.

b) I cut out this picture from the magazine for you.

3) to be held by --kept, take place.

Ex.--a) A mother smiled as she held by her newborn baby (infant) in her arms at the first time.

b) The teachers -parents' meeting will be held by in the first week of January.

4) to be held up -- delay, stop, block the movement.

Ex.--a) We were held up for half an hour in the traffic.

b) I was held up for half an hour at the railway station due to heavy rain.

5) to run away-- to leave a place secretly.

Ex.--a) It is disgraceful to run away from danger.

b) The child runs away from large dogs.

6) to run for--,to flee or travel quickly to some place

Ex.- a) When it started raining, I ran for shelter.

b) I am running for Mayor.

7) to be known as--, familiar, acquaintance.

Ex.a,)Nagpur is known as an Orange City.

b)Sarojini Naidu is known as the Nightingale of India.

8) to be known for-- famous for.

Ex.a)Nagpur is known for Oranges.

b)Lata Mangeshkar is known for her melodious singing.

9) to go with--to choose, to accept something.

Ex.a)I think we should go with an attractive colour for the  dress.

b) Which shoes go best with this dress?

10) to go after--to try to catch,to  try to stop something, to pursue.

a)It would be dangerous to go after the killer on your own.

b)We should not go after the barking  dog.

11) to put fire into-- heat up, to put on the fire.

Ex.a)She was told to put fire into the littered garbage.

b) Some people are interested in putting fire into others'  lives.

12) to put fire out -- to extinguish fire .

Ex.a)The firemen were able to put fire out before too much damage was done to our house.

b) My  neighbour  helped me  to put out the fire of my house before the arrival of fire brigade.

9) Difference between clause and sentence.

All sentences are clauses but not all clauses are sentences.

Both clause and sentence are made up of a group of words that contain a subject and predicate.

The main difference between clause and sentence is that a clause has subject and predicate but does not convey an independent meaning  whereas a sentence always conveys an independent meaning .It expresses a complete thought.

What is clause?

Sometimes a clause can act as a sentence but not every clause is a sentence.

Basically there are two types of clauses.

1) Independent clause (Main clause):-

An independent clause can stand alone and convey a complete meaning.

e g She didn't understand the lesson although the teacher explained it well.(dark sentence indicates main clause.)

2) Dependent clause (Subordinate clause):-

Dependent clause cannot stand alone and not convey a complete meaning.

e.g. I didn't buy that dress since you didn't like it. (Underlined sentence indicates Subordinate clause.) 

What is sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It contains a subject and a verb/predicate. 

(Predicate the whole sentence from the verb  excluding subject.)

Sentence can be categorized into four types based on its function.

1) Declarative 2) Imperative 3) Exclamatory 4) Interrogative.

Clause can act as noun, adverb or adjective.

Sentence cannot  act as noun, adverb or adjective.

(Note: Fifth type of sentence is optative means those sentences which are based on wishing. E.g. May God bless you.)

10) Antithesis, Oxymoron and Paradox:-

1) An antithesis:-

An antithesis is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are used in a sentence to create a contrasting effect.

(Antithesis - Anti means opposite and thesis means ideas)

e.g

a) United we stand, divided we fall.

b) Many are called but few are chosen.

c) This one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.

(Quote of Neil Armstrong)

 2) An oxymoron:-

An oxymoron is a figure of speech in which two contradictory or opposing ideas used in a same phrase. It is used to present a point more subtly for humour than by using a direct reference.

e.g.

a) The movie had a bitter sweet ending.

b) The rising Moon over the city dump presented a beautifully ugly scene.

Some more examples-

living dead, original copy, open secret, deafening silence, dark light etc.

3) Paradox:-

A paradox is a statement that appears to be contradictory but contains some truth (sometimes the statement can be true or untrue).

e.g.

a) Your strength lies in your weakness.

b) Your enemy's friend is you enemy.

Or

Your enemy's enemy is your friend.

c) Truth is honey which is bitter.

d) Attack is the best form of defense.

In Antithesis, Oxymoron and Paradox one thing is common that is contradiction but differ from each other.

11) Republic day speech for 2020

Very good morning to Hon'ble dignitaries, Respected teachers and all my dear friends, today we have gathered here to celebrate the 71st Republic Day. We all know that our country was ruled by the British for nearly 150 yrs. Many freedom fighters  fought against the British to break the shackles of slavery. Many Indian leaders such as Lokmanya Tilak,Lala Lajpat Rai,Pt.Nehru, Swatantra veer Savarkar, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and many more sacrificed their lives for the sake of motherland.Many revolutionarists such as Bhagtsingh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Batukeshwar Datt were hanged on the stake.Non -cooperation movement in1920,Ouit India Movement in1942 were started under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the father of the nation.My purpose behind giving these instances is that we got Independence with great efforts of many known and unknown Indians.

   India became free from the British slavery /we got Independence on 15th August 1947. Though  we got Independence ,we didn't have our own constitution. What is constitution? Constitution means a set of rules and regulations which is  essential for disciplinary administration of the government. Before  giving us Independence,the Cabinet Mission was sent in 1946 .The British appealed /challenged us to form our own constitution. And the work began . The Constitution committee and its Drafting Committee were formed .Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar was the president of drafting committee. He took a lot of efforts for preparing Indian constitution. That's why he is called an architect of Indian constitution.At last our constitution was ready after spending long  duration such as 2 years,11 months and 17 days. It was sanctioned/approved  on 26th  November 1949 and came into force/ implemented from 26th ofJanuary 1950.  Our country became Republic  from this day.So we celebrate 26th of January as the Republic Day every year.

     What is Republic?

Republic is a king less form of government that  has no morarchy and no hereditary aristocracy. In Republic ,the country in which the supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives .Now we are living in democratic India, free India.But we should not forget the devotion of the people who fought for the independence. I pay my tribute/I salute all the Martyrs / Patriots and give full stop to my speech.

Jai Hind !

12) Report writing on Republic Day

Report of Republic Day celebration

Kohli, 26^thJan.

          On the auspicious morning of 26th January 2020, Junior College, Kohil celebrated the Republic Day in the college's premises with a gaiety and patriotic fervor / with a great zest. The Principal of the college Miss Wankhede Ma'am presided over the function. The secretary of Kohli Rural Education Society, Mr.Babasaheb Lande was invited as the chief guest of the function. All the teachers, students and the respected citizens of the village were present. The ceremony commenced with the mass reading / collective reading of the Preamble. Then Tricolor/ National Flag was unfurled / hoisted at the auspicious hands of the chief guest. After that the National Anthem was sung. Some students delivered the speeches. Some of the students sang the patriotic songs. One of the girls sang a song – ‘e mere vatan ke logon,----Jara yad karo kurbani’ in a very melodious voice that created a sense of patriotism in the minds of the audience.

          The chief guest addressed the students, "Today we are living in democratic, republic country. You, today's youth are tomorrow's pillars of the nation. So you should keep our nation safe /secure from every kind of danger and develop our country in every aspect. Our Late President, A.P.J.Abdul Kalam dreamt that our country would be the Superpower by the year 2020. Now the time has come. So it’s our responsibility to complete his dream/ to fulfill his desire. You should study hard and become the ideal citizens of our country. And also serve our motherland by doing your duty honestly. Whatever job you will have to do, do it honestly because “Honesty is the best policy."

          Then the chairperson of the function delivered the concluding speech. Later on vote of thanks was proposed by the vice- principal. Prasad was distributed to the students and the program was concluded / ended.