Know from Prof Vaishali Jane Madam:-
1) What is Register?
Register
(noun) - An official list of names or a written record containing regular
entries of items.
Register
(verb) - to enter or record an official list or directory, to detect and show (reading)
automatically.
E.g
The electroscope was too insensitive to register the tiny changes.
Register - The type of language that is used in a piece of writing, the type of
language used by a group of people who share similar work or interaction.
We change our style of discourse according to
different situations. The appropriate language register to be used according to
the audience (who),to topic (what),the purpose (why) and the location (where).
Examples
of Register (type of language) (word Register)
1)
Related to school-
teachers, students, homework, black/white/green
boards, pen pencil, compass box, eraser, sharpener, lessons, chalks, tests,
questions, answers, examinations, head master/ mistress, peon, clerk, desks,
benches, playground, library, laboratory, classrooms, office tables chairs etc.
2)
Related to a bank-
Cheque,
pass book, deposit, credit, debit, loan, interest, account, cash, cashier,
manager, withdraw etc.
2) He is the painter of day
(Explain the use of definite article 'the' in the sentence)
In
this sentence the definite article is used as determiner to introduce the noun
painter.
Here
‘He’ refers to ‘God’ and the word ‘painter’ means ‘artist’. He is the creator
of our lives. As an artist He fills the beautiful colours in our lives. He
weaves the cloth of human life by using various colourful threads (threads of
happiness as well as of sorrows). Human life is the blending of these both
things.
The
pen is mightier than the sword
Here
pen is not used for all types of pens.
Here
pen means writing which is more effective/powerful than the military power or
violence.
Lokmanya
Tilak used his pen to create wrath in the minds of the Indians against the
British by writing the aggressive articles in the newspapers such as ‘Kesari’
and ‘Maratha’. That's why he is called the father of Indian unrest. His pen was
mightier than the power of the British.
It
is an instance of Metonymy figure of speech.
3) Impoverish:-
The
word ‘impoverish’ itself is a verb. It means to make someone or something poor,
lower in quality, to reduce to poverty.
The
‘impoverish’ comes from the old French word ‘pover’ means ‘poor’.
See
the some letters of the word pover ty inside im pover ish.
Different
forms of this word.
1)
impoverish - verb
2)
impoverisher and impoverishment - nouns
3)
impoverished – adjective
4) Interesting Fact
The
same word having different pronunciations and different meanings.
Resume
(रिझ्यूम)
(verb)_to
begin again, to continue something.
Resume
(रेझ्युमेइ)
(noun)-a
short descriptive summary.
(Summary
of one's education, skill and employment when applying for a new job)
5) Uses of Would
Would
is the past form of will. We often use 'would'
to report the past conversation. But there are its multiple uses. See
below.
1) Polite request and offers.
(polite ways to ask
someone to do something.)
e.g
a)
Would you give me your book?
b)
Would you mind giving me your bike?
(here,
would you mind is a phrase.)
2)
In Reported speech
e.g.
Anita
said",I will bring the cold drinks?"
Ans-
Anita said that she would bring the cold drinks.
(here,
past form of will)
3) In imaginary situation
(present unreal
condition)
e.g
I
would move to France if I spoke French.
4) Repeated past actions.
e.g
When I was a
child I would play hopscotch with my friends.
5) In second conditional.
e.g
If
I had won the lottery, I would have sought a car.
6) In Same conditional.
e.g.
If
I were in your place, I would refuse.
7)
Sometimes the condition is understood.
e.g.
Someone
who liked John would personally love his father.
Means.
If
someone liked John, they would personally love his father.
(condition
is understood)
Note-
We
do not use would with stative verbs such as live, be, know, think, understand, want
etc.
6) Use of Effect
1)
Effect is used as noun, if you are talking about the result of something.
2)
Effect is used as verb, if you are talking about the process of generating an
outcome (result).
7) What is the difference between ‘the thought of the day’ and ‘thought
for the day’?
I
think both are correct but we frequently say ‘thought for the day’ which is
precise way of expressing.
The
preposition of shows possession .In this case the day does not possess the
thought. So we can't say ‘thought of the day’.
8) Vocabulary
1)
to cut in -- to interrupt
Ex-a)
It is manner less to cut in while two elders are talking.
b)When
I was talking with my mother, my younger sister cut in our conversation.
2)
to cut out -- to remove, cut
Ex.-a)
Sweets should be cut out of diabetics’ diet.
b)
I cut out this picture from the magazine for you.
3)
to be held by --kept, take place.
Ex.--a)
A mother smiled as she held by her newborn baby (infant) in her arms at the
first time.
b)
The teachers -parents' meeting will be held by in the first week of January.
4)
to be held up -- delay, stop, block the movement.
Ex.--a)
We were held up for half an hour in the traffic.
b)
I was held up for half an hour at the railway station due to heavy rain.
5)
to run away-- to leave a place secretly.
Ex.--a)
It is disgraceful to run away from danger.
b)
The child runs away from large dogs.
6)
to run for--,to flee or travel quickly to some place
Ex.-
a) When it started raining, I ran for shelter.
b)
I am running for Mayor.
7)
to be known as--, familiar, acquaintance.
Ex.a,)Nagpur
is known as an Orange City.
b)Sarojini
Naidu is known as the Nightingale of India.
8)
to be known for-- famous for.
Ex.a)Nagpur
is known for Oranges.
b)Lata
Mangeshkar is known for her melodious singing.
9)
to go with--to choose, to accept something.
Ex.a)I
think we should go with an attractive colour for the dress.
b)
Which shoes go best with this dress?
10)
to go after--to try to catch,to try to
stop something, to pursue.
a)It
would be dangerous to go after the killer on your own.
b)We
should not go after the barking dog.
11)
to put fire into-- heat up, to put on the fire.
Ex.a)She
was told to put fire into the littered garbage.
b)
Some people are interested in putting fire into others' lives.
12)
to put fire out -- to extinguish fire .
Ex.a)The
firemen were able to put fire out before too much damage was done to our house.
b)
My neighbour helped me
to put out the fire of my house before the arrival of fire brigade.
9) Difference between clause and sentence.
All
sentences are clauses but not all clauses are sentences.
Both
clause and sentence are made up of a group of words that contain a subject and
predicate.
The
main difference between clause and sentence is that a clause has subject and
predicate but does not convey an independent meaning whereas a sentence always conveys an
independent meaning .It expresses a complete thought.
What is clause?
Sometimes
a clause can act as a sentence but not every clause is a sentence.
Basically
there are two types of clauses.
1)
Independent clause (Main clause):-
An
independent clause can stand alone and convey a complete meaning.
e
g She didn't understand the lesson although the teacher explained it well.(dark
sentence indicates main clause.)
2)
Dependent clause (Subordinate clause):-
Dependent
clause cannot stand alone and not convey a complete meaning.
e.g.
I didn't buy that dress since you didn't like it. (Underlined sentence
indicates Subordinate clause.)
What
is sentence?
A
sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It contains a
subject and a verb/predicate.
(Predicate the whole sentence from the verb excluding subject.)
Sentence
can be categorized into four types based on its function.
1)
Declarative 2) Imperative 3) Exclamatory 4) Interrogative.
Clause
can act as noun, adverb or adjective.
Sentence
cannot act as noun, adverb or adjective.
(Note:
Fifth type of sentence is optative means those sentences which are based on
wishing. E.g. May God bless you.)
10) Antithesis, Oxymoron and Paradox:-
1) An antithesis:-
An
antithesis is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are used in a
sentence to create a contrasting effect.
(Antithesis
- Anti means opposite and thesis means ideas)
e.g
a)
United we stand, divided we fall.
b)
Many are called but few are chosen.
c)
This one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.
(Quote
of Neil Armstrong)
2) An oxymoron:-
An
oxymoron is a figure of speech in which two contradictory or opposing ideas
used in a same phrase. It is used to present a point more subtly for humour
than by using a direct reference.
e.g.
a)
The movie had a bitter sweet ending.
b)
The rising Moon over the city dump presented a beautifully ugly scene.
Some
more examples-
living
dead, original copy, open secret, deafening silence, dark light etc.
3) Paradox:-
A
paradox is a statement that appears to be contradictory but contains some truth
(sometimes the statement can be true or untrue).
e.g.
a)
Your strength lies in your weakness.
b)
Your enemy's friend is you enemy.
Or
Your
enemy's enemy is your friend.
c)
Truth is honey which is bitter.
d)
Attack is the best form of defense.
In
Antithesis, Oxymoron and Paradox one thing is common that is contradiction but
differ from each other.
11) Republic day speech for 2020
Very good morning to Hon'ble dignitaries, Respected
teachers and all my dear friends, today we have gathered here to celebrate the
71st Republic Day. We all know that our country was ruled by the British for
nearly 150 yrs. Many freedom fighters fought against the British to break
the shackles of slavery. Many Indian leaders such as Lokmanya Tilak,Lala Lajpat
Rai,Pt.Nehru, Swatantra veer Savarkar, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and many
more sacrificed their lives for the sake of motherland.Many revolutionarists
such as Bhagtsingh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Batukeshwar Datt were hanged on the stake.Non
-cooperation movement in1920,Ouit India Movement in1942 were started under the
leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the father of the nation.My purpose behind giving
these instances is that we got Independence with great efforts of many known
and unknown Indians.
India became free from the British
slavery /we got Independence on 15th August 1947. Though we got
Independence ,we didn't have our own constitution. What is constitution?
Constitution means a set of rules and regulations which is essential for
disciplinary administration of the government. Before giving us
Independence,the Cabinet Mission was sent in 1946 .The British appealed
/challenged us to form our own constitution. And the work began . The
Constitution committee and its Drafting Committee were formed .Dr.Babasaheb
Ambedkar was the president of drafting committee. He took a lot of efforts for
preparing Indian constitution. That's why he is called an architect of Indian
constitution.At last our constitution was ready after spending long
duration such as 2 years,11 months and 17 days. It was
sanctioned/approved on 26th November 1949 and came into force/
implemented from 26th ofJanuary 1950. Our country became Republic
from this day.So we celebrate 26th of January as the Republic Day every year.
What is Republic?
Republic is a king less form of government that
has no morarchy and no hereditary aristocracy. In Republic ,the country in
which the supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives
.Now we are living in democratic India, free India.But we should not forget the
devotion of the people who fought for the independence. I pay my tribute/I
salute all the Martyrs / Patriots and give full stop to my speech.
Jai Hind !
12) Report writing on Republic Day
Report of Republic Day celebration
Kohli,
26thJan.
On
the auspicious morning of 26th January 2020, Junior College, Kohil celebrated the
Republic Day in the college's premises with a gaiety and patriotic fervor /
with a great zest. The Principal of the college Miss Wankhede Ma'am presided
over the function. The secretary of Kohli Rural Education Society, Mr.Babasaheb
Lande was invited as the chief guest of the function. All the teachers,
students and the respected citizens of the village were present. The ceremony
commenced with the mass reading / collective reading of the Preamble. Then Tricolor/
National Flag was unfurled / hoisted at the auspicious hands of the chief
guest. After that the National Anthem was sung. Some students delivered the
speeches. Some of the students sang the patriotic songs. One of the girls sang
a song – ‘e mere vatan ke logon,----Jara yad karo kurbani’ in a very melodious
voice that created a sense of patriotism in the minds of the audience.
The
chief guest addressed the students, "Today we are living in democratic,
republic country. You, today's youth are tomorrow's pillars of the nation. So
you should keep our nation safe /secure from every kind of danger and develop
our country in every aspect. Our Late President, A.P.J.Abdul Kalam dreamt that
our country would be the Superpower by the year 2020. Now the time has come. So
it’s our responsibility to complete his dream/ to fulfill his desire. You
should study hard and become the ideal citizens of our country. And also serve
our motherland by doing your duty honestly. Whatever job you will have to do, do
it honestly because “Honesty is the best policy."
Then
the chairperson of the function delivered the concluding speech. Later on vote
of thanks was proposed by the vice- principal. Prasad was distributed to the
students and the program was concluded / ended.
